Search Results for: environment

Source: Road data from Meijer, J.R., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Schotten, C.G.J. and Schipper, A.M. (2018): Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure. Environmental Research Letters, 13-064006. Data is available at www.globio.info Even if the world road network appears to be connected and rather extensive, it is more a collection of

Source: Shipping density data adapted from IMF World Seaborne Trade Monitoring System. Note: Commercial ships involve bulk carriers, tankers, and containerships. Oceanic masses and rivers are the two primary domains of maritime circulation, and oceanic masses account for 71% of the terrestrial surface. The four major oceans relevant to maritime

Authors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Brian Slack Intermodal transportation concerns the mobility of passengers or freight from an origin to a destination relying on several modes of transportation. The container has become the dominant intermodal transport unit. 1. The Nature of Intermodalism Most transportation modes are developed independently. Competition

Authors: Dr. John Bowen and Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Air transportation is the mobility of passengers and freight by any conveyance that can sustain controlled flight. 1. The Rise of Air Transportation Air transportation was slow to take off after the Wright Brothers breakthrough at Kitty Hawk in 1903. More than a

Authors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Theo Notteboom Maritime transportation concerns the movement of passengers and freight over water masses, from oceans to rivers. 1. Maritime Geography and Routes From its modest origins as Egyptian coastal and river sailships around 3,200 BCE, maritime transportation has always been the dominant support

Authors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Brian Slack Rail transportation refers to the movement of vehicles on guideways. The most common guideways are rails, but recent technological developments have also made available monorails and magnetic levitation trains. 1. Rail Transportation and Rail Lines Although primitive rail systems existed by the

Authors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Brian Slack Road transportation involves moving passengers and freight with vehicles over a prepared surface. 1. The Setting of Road Transport Systems Roads and rails are the two major modes that compose the land transport system. Roads were established first, as steam rail technology

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Transport modes are the means supporting the mobility of passengers and freight. They are mobile transport assets and fall into three basic types; land (road, rail, pipelines), water (shipping), and air. 1. A Diversity of Modes Transport modes are designed to carry passengers or freight, but most

Source: Adapted from World Economic Forum, SIMSystem: Designing Seamless Integrated Mobility. Contemporary mobility systems are supported by physical, digital (information) and regulatory (rules) foundations. While physical (e.g. infrastructures) and regulatory (governance, policies) issues are well understood, the digital dimension has considerably evolved in recent years with the introduction of new information

Source: adapted from ICF International (2008) Long Range Strategic Issues Facing the Transportation Industry, Final Future-focused Research Framework, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Project 20-80, Task 2. Each driver of change for the transportation system plays a role individually and in conjunction. Therefore, it is virtually impossible to establish outcomes