Search Results for: environment

Authors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Cesar Ducruet Transportation networks are a framework of routes linking locations. The structure of any region corresponds to networks of economic and social interactions. 1. Transport Networks Transportation systems are commonly represented using networks as an analogy for their structure and flows. Transport networks belong

There are several factors that underline the growing importance that logistics plays in the global economy:

Source: UNEP (2012): The UNEP Environmental Data Explorer, as compiled from World Development Indicators (WDI-The World Bank). United Nations Environment Programme. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total output of goods and services for final use produced by an economy by both residents and non-residents. It is equal to

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Commercial geography looks at trade and transactions in terms of what they involve, how they are generated, and their outcomes. 1. Trade and Commercial Geography Trade, the exchange of goods and services over long distances, and commercial activities, the exchange of products and services at specific

Source: Nelson, A. (2008) Estimated travel time to the nearest city of 50,000 or more people in the year 2000. Global Environment Monitoring Unit – Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Ispra Italy. Space-time convergence is far from being a uniform process, as differences in transport infrastructures and basic

A barrier is a feature that can impede mobility and comes in three forms:

Transportation is not a science but a field of inquiry and application. As such, it tends to rely on specific methodologies since transportation is a performance-driven activity, and this performance can be measured and compared. Transportation planning and analysis are interdisciplinary by nature, involving civil engineers, economists, urban planners, and

Source: adapted from B. Hoyle and J. Smith (1998) “Transport and Development: Conceptual Frameworks”, in B. Hoyle and R. Knowles, Modern Transport Geography, 2nd Edition, London: Wiley, p. 17. Since transport geography is a multidisciplinary field, it can be approached from several dimensions of inquiry:

Source: Adapted from P. Haggett (2001) Geography: A Modern Synthesis, 4th Edition, New York: Prentice-Hall. Each scientific discipline offers a perspective from which the real world can be understood and interpreted. Transport geography, by seeking to understand mobility, focuses on the locations that generate and handle it, on the interactions

Spatial flow patterns can be classified as international, hinterland, and hierarchical: International (trade) patterns occur between nations and include entities such as trading blocks (European Union, NAFTA) or dependent territories (colonialism from an historical perspective). These flows mainly reflect the nature of the economic environment such as the availibility of