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Transportation activities involve separate modes supporting the mobility of passengers and freight (within or between modes). Each has an environmental impact: Infrastructure. Transport infrastructure construction and maintenance require resources (materials), energy, and land. Vehicle manufacture. Involves the resources and energy consumed in the manufacturing process. This also includes the delivery

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics, Table 3-17. Assumes 15,000 miles of driving per year. Figures are in 2020 dollars. The costs of using the automobile can be divided into three categories: Internal variable costs. These costs vary according to the amount of travel. They include gasoline, maintenance,

Source: adapted from US Environmental Protection Agency (2000) The Lean and Green Supply Chain: A Practical Guide for Materials Managers and Supply Chain Managers to Reduce Costs and Improve Environmental Performance, Environmental Accounting Project, EPA 742-R-00-001. To produce and make goods available on the market, a hierarchy of environmental costs

Source: adapted and expanded from CEMT, 1990. There are a number of relationships between the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, and the ecosphere, and some noted impacts.

The environmental system may be understood in an ecological sense as the set of interactions between the elements of the biosphere, which includes the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, and the ecosphere: The atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and traces (remaining 1%) of carbon dioxide, argon, water

Mobility conveys various benefits, including access to employment, goods, and social activities. The paradoxical relation between mobility and its costs is based on the premise that the benefits are derived by the users of transport systems (e.g. drivers) and that the costs are in part assumed by society and the

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Sustainable transportation is the capacity to support the mobility needs of a society in a manner that is the least damageable to the environment and does not impair the mobility needs of future generations. 1. Sustainable Development a. The concept of sustainability The capacity of the

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue The transportation footprint specifically relates to the amount of space required to support transport infrastructures, terminals, and operations. 1. Land Requirement and Consumption Historically, several environmental aspects impacted the organization and regulation of the footprint taken by transportation activities. Although various forms of pollution were noted

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Transportation systems, from infrastructures to vehicle operations, have environmental impacts ranging from noise, the emission of pollutants to climate change. 1. The Issue of Transport and the Environment The issue of transportation and the environment is paradoxical since transportation conveys substantial socioeconomic benefits, but at the same