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Source: adapted from OECD (2009) “Applications of Complexity Science for Public Policy: New Tools for Finding Unanticipated Consequences and Unrealized Opportunities”, Global Science Forum.Transportation, as a complex system, shares many of its characteristics, including: Adaptability. A standard characteristic best reflected by the concept of competition where transport firms adapt to their

Source: adapted from B. Hoyle and J. Smith (1998) “Transport and Development: Conceptual Frameworks”, in B. Hoyle and R. Knowles, Modern Transport Geography, 2nd Edition, London: Wiley, p. 17. Since transport geography is a multidisciplinary field, it can be approached from several dimensions of inquiry: Economics. This dimension is concerned

A transport system can be conceptualized as the set of relationships between nodes, networks, and demand. These relationships involve locations spatially expressing this demand, flows between them, and infrastructures designed to handle and link these flows. All the components of a transport system are designed to facilitate the movements of

Source: Airfare data from various web sources (full economy airfare). Computer storage data from John C. McCallum. Sea freight rates data from The Eddington Transport Study (2006) and from UNCTAD (after 1980). Telephone call data from various sources. Transport and communications costs have considerably declined during the 20th century, notably

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics and Transportation Energy Data Book, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy. Since the 1950s, the number of automobiles has considerably increased, especially in developed countries. Motorization significantly reduced the number of people per automobile, from 48.2 in 1950 to 7.15

Source: Adapted from P. Haggett (2001) Geography: A Modern Synthesis, 4th Edition, New York: Prentice-Hall. Each scientific discipline offers a perspective from which the real world can be understood and interpreted. Transport geography, by seeking to understand mobility, focuses on the locations that generate and handle it, on the interactions

For transportation to take place, four components are essential:

The mobility of passengers and freight has very different spatial dynamics. While the intensity of passenger transportation dominantly concerns short distances, freight transportation includes a wide range of geographies. The majority of the mobility of passengers is related to commuting, shopping, and recreation. These mobilities are dominantly bound by the

Spatial flow patterns can be classified as international, hinterland, and hierarchical: International (trade) patterns occur between nations and include entities such as trading blocks (European Union, NAFTA) or dependent territories (colonialism from an historical perspective). These flows mainly reflect the nature of the economic environment such as the availibility of