Search Results for: environment

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Urban land use reflects the location and level of spatial accumulation of activities such as retailing, management, manufacturing, or residence. They generate flows supported by transport systems. 1. The Land Use – Transport System Urban areas are characterized by social, cultural, and economic activities taking place

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Transportation has an influence on the urban spatial structure and is shaping urbanization. 1. Global Urbanization Urbanization. The transition from a rural to an urban society. Statistically, urbanization reflects an increasing proportion of the population living in settlements defined as urban, primarily through net rural to

Source: adapted from Arvis, J-F, G. Raballand, and J-F Marteau (2007) The cost of being landlocked: logistics costs and supply chain reliability, Policy Research Working Paper 4258. World Bank, Washington, D.C. World Bank (2007) Connecting to Compete: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy. The Logistics Performance Index and Its Indicators.

Supply chain integration (SCI) can be defined as the alignment of supply chain goals and policies along with the related information and physical connectivity: Alignment. Shared goals among the elements of the supply chain, often leaning at reducing their costs and improving their performance. This ensures consistency in the strategy

Source: J-P Rodrigue & CPCS. A third-party logistics provider (3PL) is an asset-based company that offers logistics and supply chain management services to its customers. It commonly owns and manages distribution centers and transport modes. A fourth-party logistics provider (4PL) integrates the resources of producers, retailers, and third-party logistics providers

Logistic zones offer advantages (value proposition) related to their geography, particularly in terms of land availability and accessibility, and related to their operations, such as economies of agglomeration: Geographical advantages. The core geographical advantage of a logistics zone is the provision of a real estate base available on the market

Freight distribution has undertaken a paradigm shift between “manufacture-to-supply” (inventory-based logistics or “push” logistics) to “manufacture-to-order” (replenishment-based logistics or “pull” logistics). The paradigm is shifting from maintaining inventories aimed at approximately satisfying the demand (forecasted) to a comprehensive data collection system ensuring, mainly through on-demand transport, that supply matches closely

Source: World Bank for GDP data. Various sources for logistics costs. There is a relationship between the level of economic development (as measured in terms of GDP per capita), the composition of a national economy, and logistics costs. While logistics costs can amount to 25% of delivered costs in some

In a Fordist production system, supply chains are often discontinuous and subject to delays. Links between different functions imply the accumulation of inventory (raw materials, parts, and manufactured goods) before their usage (processing, manufacturing, and distribution). The high output levels of an assembly line require warehousing of all required parts

A chain is as strong as its weakest link. This is of particular relevance for a cold chain that preserves the integrity of a product by maintaining its temperature within a specific range (2 to 8 degrees Celcius is common). Many products, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and some chemicals, can