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Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2005. Freight flows between China and the rest of the world tend to be imbalanced, with a greater quantity of outbound traffic. Since the port of Hong Kong is an important outlet for the Pearl River Delta’s exports, a significant share of cross-border freight traffic concerns

Source: Adapted from Dr. William Anderson, University of Windsor. National transportation networks are usually independently established and connected to other networks on an ad hoc basis. Comprehensive international infrastructure projects are uncommon since they require advanced forms of cooperation. The above figure shows a hypothetical transportation network that is bisected

The precise delineation of boundaries is relatively new in human history. Before the availability of surveying and cartographic technologies, impediments to travel such as mountain ranges, water bodies, or even features such as broad forests and deserts were used to separate the territories of political entities (Antecedent boundaries). In Europe,

Source: Energy Information Administration, World Oil Transit Chokepoints. The geostrategy of maritime petroleum circulation is mainly composed of major chokepoints, with two of extremely high importance; Hormuz and Malacca. Hormuz represents the most important strategic passage in the world, solely because of its access to the oil fields of the

The global economy presents a complex landscape of various levels of regional economic integration. Most countries are members of the World Trade Organization, implying that they abide by the principles of non-discrimination and reciprocity in trade relations. Additionally, several countries have established trade agreements going beyond the standard WTO principles,

Source: Flanders Marine Institute (2019). Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase: Maritime Boundaries and Exclusive Economic Zones (200 nm), version 11. The late 20th century saw a period of new definitions and disputes regarding marine boundaries. Traditionally, each coastal state claimed sovereignty over a territorial sea within a relatively short distance of its

Source: Bureau of Transport Statistics, North American Trade and Travel Trends. Note: NAFTA was replaced by USMCA in 2020. The North American Free Trade Agreement (superseded by USMCA) involves three partners with a significant continental orientation of their transport systems, implying that land-based modes play a greater role than maritime

Source: IHS Global Insight, Inc., World Trade Service. Does not include intra-EU trade. Long-distance trade is supported by transportation modes in different capacities and capabilities, leading to a specialization in terms of volumes and values. In volume, maritime shipping is the main support of international trade, accounting for about 90%

Source: Rodrigue, J-P (2012) “Supply Chain Management, Logistics Changes and the Concept of Friction”, in P.V. Hall and M. Hesse (eds) Cities, Regions and Flows, London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-68219-0. International trade is based on the notion of exchange, which involves what is being traded, the partners involved as well as

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Logistics involves a broad set of activities dedicated to the transformation and distribution of goods, from raw material sourcing to final market distribution as well as the related information flows. 1. The Nature of Logistics Derived from the Greek logistikos (to calculate), the word logistics is