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Source: H.L. Vega (2008) Trade and Transportation Costs in Ecuador: A Case Study of Fresh Flowers, LAEBA 2008 Fourth Annual Meeting Lima, June 17, 2008. The globalization of the fresh flower industry started in the early 1970s with the development of long-distance jet services that could carry time and temperature-sensitive

Source: Adapted from the Oppenheimer Group. Cold chain logistics have enabled the availability of fresh produce almost continually. What used to be only seasonally available can now be provided year-round, either because the supply is in a tropical with a continuous growing season, it is grown in controlled conditions (e.g.

Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2013. Chilled meat represents a significant export market, particularly for countries with active livestock farming, such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Argentina. However, meat exporters are usually located long distances from major consumption markets. Conventionally, meat was exported to foreign markets in a frozen form.

  Cold Transport Chain Transit Time (Days) Typical Shelf Life (Days) Refrigerated truck / Cold-storage facility transloading / Air 4-5 30-35 Refrigerated truck / Cold-storage facility transloading / Maritime shipping 15-16 30-35 Source loading with Reefer / Maritime shipping 15-16 55-60 Source: adapted from APL. There are several alternatives to

Globalization and more reliable cold chains can have significant impacts on commodity chains, by expanding available options for each sequence of the supply chain. This results in an increase in the quantity and quality of products available on markets as well as lower costs. The example depicted on the figure

Source: adapted from Seabury Cargo Advisory. The nature of the transport of cold chain food products varies substantially according to the transport mode, which is a matter of speed. For instance, about 96% of the food cold chain cargo carried by air transport is fresh (chilled temperature; 2 degrees Celsius),

A contemporary large cold chain distribution center is usually set as a crossdocking facility where inbound loads are serviced on one side and outbound loads on the other. Inbound loads originate from a wide variety of local, national, and international suppliers, reflecting the whole range of food products available in

Photo: Courtesy of Hermani AG. Meat transportation is particularly dependent on the cold chain since, once slaughtered, unfrozen meat has a limited storage life. In North America, meat animals are collected alive and transported to major slaughterhouses/stockyard complexes (e.g. Chicago, Fort Worth, Kansas City). Then, the carcasses are frozen and

  Product Shelf Life (Days) Optimum Temperature (Celsius) Apple 90-240 0 Bananas 7-28 13.5 Bell Peppers 21-35 7 Cabbage 14-20 1 Eggs 180 1.1 Onions 30-180 1 Lettuce 12-14 0.6 Fresh Meat (beef, lamb, pork, poultry) 14-65 -2 Oranges 21-90 7 Pears 120-180 -0.6 Potatoes 30-50 10 Seafood (shrimp, lobster,