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Source: US Energy Information Agency, International Energy Annual Report. The reserves reported by several OPEC countries surged during the 1980s. What is unusual about this surge is that it was sudden, without the discovery of any significant new oil fields and taking place in a context of declining oil prices.

Source: US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual Report. As a consequence of the First Oil Shock, the U.S. Government (Department of Energy) initiated the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) program in 1976. In an age of growing oil dependency and instability of international markets, it was perceived

OPEC includes 12 members on 3 continents. The founding members (1960) are Venezuela, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait who are all still part of OPEC. Several other oil-producing nations joined thereafter the organization: Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962-2009; it ceased to be a net oil exporter), Libya (1969), Algeria (1970),

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Petroleum remains a strategic resource in the global economy, underlining the challenges of producing and transporting oil. [TO BE UPDATED] 1. Petroleum Very few commodities have become as vital as petroleum since it can be used as a source of energy and a raw material in

Inbound Logistics Optimization of warehouse usage; logistics modeling Sales and Marketing GIS as a market analysis tool; simulation of dispersion of new products; target marketing and advertising Services Route planning; dealer network maintenance; customer complaints; dispatch; maintenance forecasting Operations Enhancing the spatial content of process or product Outbound Logistics Route

Representing the “real world” in a data model has been a challenge for GIS since their inception in the 1960s. A GIS data model enables a computer to represent real geographical elements as graphical elements. Two representational models are dominant; raster (grid-based) and vector (line-based):

Authors: Dr. Shih-Lung Shaw and Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Geographic Information Systems for Transportation (GIS-T) refer to the principles and applications of geographic information technologies to transportation problems. 1. GIS in Transportation In a broad sense, a geographic information system (GIS) is an information system specializing in the input, management, analysis,

Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2013. The banana is the world’s most consumed fruit and is subject to a specific ripening process before being ready for consumption. If the ripening is done under controlled conditions, the quality (even ripening with no imperfections such as black spots) and market value of the

Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2013. Food distribution relies on a very stable demand that must be satisfied in a timely fashion, particularly for the distribution of perishable food products such as produce, dairy, and meat. The tendency has been the consolidation of food distribution in large complexes servicing extensive markets

Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2007. The underground warehousing facility, called Subtropolis, represents a unique initiative to take advantage of the space made available by a former limestone mine. The facility that spans 4.5 square kilometers has several advantages: Temperature stability. Because the facility is underground the ambient temperature is in