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Source: World Bank, Ports, Maritime & Logistics: Inland Water Transportation (IWT) Development. A waterway is a body of water available for commercial navigation with an inland waterway consisting of non-oceanic portions such as coastal waterways, rivers, lakes, and canals. Although the Chinese waterway system is the most extensive in the

Ship Name Year Location Spill Size (Tons) Atlantic Empress 1979 Off Tobago, West Indies 287,000 ABT Summer 1991 700 nautical miles off Angola 260,000 Castillo de Bellver 1983 Off Saldanha Bay, South Africa 252,000 Amoco Cadiz 1978 Off Brittany, France 223,000 Haven 1991 Genoa, Italy 144,000 Odyssey 1988 700 nautical

Source: World Bank. United Nations, Review of Maritime Transport. The growth of maritime transportation is strongly correlated with the development of international trade since maritime shipping and ports are the primary physical support for international trade flows. From about 800 million tons of loaded cargo in 1955, maritime traffic exceeded

Source: BTS. Most oil refineries in the United States are located nearby port areas as coastal cities are large consumption markets. Since the 1960s, domestic oil production has been declining, and oil imports have been increasing, which reinforced the locational relevance of coastal refineries. As such, the length of domestic

Rail is of foremost importance in supporting long-distance trade corridors and has experienced a resurgence in recent years, particularly in North America. It accounts for close to 40% of all the ton-km transported in the United States, while in Europe, this share is only 8%. Still, rail freight corridors have

Source: Alameda Corridor Transportation Authority and American Association of Port Authorities. The Alameda corridor represents an unusual intermodal system for freight distribution. Its long term success leans mainly on efficient rail transshipments both at the San Pedro Bay port cluster (ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach) and at the

Source: adapted from Alameda Corridor Transportation Authority. The Alameda Corridor is a 20-mile-long rail high capacity freight expressway linking the port cluster of Long Beach and Los Angeles to the transcontinental rail terminals near downtown Los Angeles. It was built to provide better rail access to the San Pedro Bay

Source: Intermodal Association of North America & American Association of Railroads. Rail transport trends in the United States underline a significant shift of intermodal traffic to the advantage of containerized freight. While rail intermodal container traffic (container on flat cars; COFC), both ISO and domestic, increased, the number of trailers

Source: adapted from Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Note: Several rail carriers have track use rights on segments owned by other carriers. Also, carriers have parent companies that may own specific segments and are therefore indirectly owning them. The North American rail transport system is characterized by a high level of

  Issue Europe North America Pacific Asia Organization Separation of infrastructure from operations (for accountancy purposes) Separation by region (markets) (private companies and concessions of vertically integrated companies) Infrastructure and operations publicly owned Market Focus Passenger oriented Freight oriented Passenger oriented Ownership Infrastructure mainly publicly owned with a few exceptions