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Source: Adapted from International Union of Railways. High-Speed Rail (HSR) systems are built to reinforce accessibility and connectivity within well-developed regional urban systems, many of which are mega-urban regions. They fill a gap between short-range mobility provided by cars and buses and medium-range mobility provided by air transport. As of

The global rail network, which is mostly a collection of unlinked national rail systems, involves three main types of rail lines:

Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2007. Many freight transport companies are offering less-than-truckload (LTL) services to their customers. Such shipments are generally composed of items of various sizes filling up specific orders that are usually not recurrent. In the above photo, a FedEx (second largest LTL carrier in the United States)

Source: The American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) An Analysis of the Operational Costs of Trucking: 2018 Update. Trucking is a highly competitive industry since it has low barriers to entry. The two most significant operating costs of trucking are fuel (20-30%) and wages and benefits (35-45%). Jointly, they account for

Photo: Antony Pranata. Rickshaws (also known locally as becaks), are bicycles adapted to transport passengers (sometimes small quantities of freight), and provide a low-cost and flexible mode of urban transportation, notably in Southeast Asia. They have a cruising speed of about 10 km/hr, making them suitable for trips of less

Source: Adapted from Mason, J., L. Fulton and Z. McDonald (2015) A Global High Shift Cycling Scenario: The Potential for Dramatically Increasing Bicycle and E-bike Use in Cities Around the World, with Estimated Energy, CO2, and Cost Impacts, Institute for Transportation & Development Policy and the University of California, Davis.

Source: Adapted from Worldwatch Institute, Vital Signs 2008. There are no exact figures about the global bicycle fleet, but it is estimated that around 1 billion bicycles are available. On average, 100 million bicycles are produced each year, compared to 70 million cars. About 40% of all bicycles were produced

Source: US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. The growth of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) within the United States is punctuated by sharp periods of decline corresponding to recessions. The drops attributed to the first (1973-74) and second (1979-80) oil shocks were particularly pronounced. However, growth rates resumed immediately afterward

Source: US Department of Energy, Transportation Energy Data Book. The last decades have experienced a growing level of motorization, as reflected by the production of automobiles and the fleet of registered cars. Although car production has a behavior linked with economic cycles of growth and recession, there is a continuous

Source: Federal Highway Administration & National Bureau of Statistics of China. An overview of the growth of the American and Chinese highway systems underlines different growth sequences and rates. From its inception, the American Interstate highway system expanded substantially, but at a declining rate as it neared its planned size