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A public authority may decide to allow private actors to be involved in the management and operations of transport infrastructure and terminals over a series of options:

Source: adapted from Notteboom, T. (2013) “Transport Policy Instruments“, in J-P Rodrigue, T. Notteboom and J. Shaw (eds) The Sage Handbook of Transport Studies, London: Sage.

Source: adapted from Meyer, M. and E. Miller (2000) Urban Transportation Planning, Second Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.

Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Logistics policies cover a range of freight distribution activities related to modes, terminals and warehousing. 1. Context To better adapt to the growing complexity of the transportation system, there has been an emerging shift in transportation policy towards a set of logistics policies. They cover a

A common risk in a supply chain is referred to as the “bullwhip effect“, where demand can back-propagate and create an undue level of procurement; an amplification. For instance, a customer may order 10 units of a product from a retailer. The retailer may order 12 units from a distributor

Source: Adapted from Boeing, G (2019) “Urban spatial order: street network orientation, configuration, and entropy”. Applied Network Science 4, 67. Note: Each city chart is a 360-degree histogram divided into 36 bins. The length of each bin is the frequency of the streets having this bearing. Since each street has