Online retail sales have steadily been increasing, particularly in terms of share of total retail sales. They account for about 16% of retail sales. Although the COVID-19 pandemic was a disruptive event, resulting in a temporary surge in online sales, the trend resumed normalcy after two years. E-Commerce Retail Sales
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Main Water Masses of the World
Water masses cover about 71% of the surface of the world and can be divided into four major categories (excluding lakes):
Landlocked countries (update)
Updated the page depicting the distance to the nearest oceanic mass and landlocked countries. Although inland transportation systems have become much more effective in terms of capacity and efficiency, geographical and jurisdictional factors still substantially matter. Landlocked Countries | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)
Continue readingTransport Route Selection
The selection of a transport route can be made by three actors:
Main Forms of Competitiveness in Transportation
Transport service providers, such as carriers and terminal operators, can compete over a series of fundamental dimensions:
Key Dimensions of Transportation
Issues with Environmental Social Governance
Environmental Social Governance (ESG) is subject to controversy since it exposes a corporation to external compliance factors unrelated to its real role and function; providing goods and services. The most notable issues include:
Transportation and its bottlenecks (new section)
Added a new section discussing the main forms of transportation bottlenecks. Bottlenecks impose delays and restrictions in the normal flow of transportation and can be related to infrastructure, regulations, or operations. A specific case study about landbridges is also provided. B.5 – Transportation and its Bottlenecks | The Geography of
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Passenger Rail Market Share Against Air for Inter-City Travel
Source: Data compiled by E. Mitchell. https://hotrails.net/2024/04/rails-market-share-against-air-a-global-review/ Note: The data concerns the market share between city pairs for rail versus air only. It does not consider intercity road movements (cars, buses), which can be substantial. N=132. Travel time is an important component in the choice between rail versus air for