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Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Transportation infrastructures are becoming increasingly complex, requiring new forms of financing. 1. Private Participation in Transport Infrastructure Infrastructures can be funded, implying that the public sector provides capital from general funds or taxation and that this capital is not expected to be recovered. Infrastructures can also

Moving cargo from one mode to the other has always been challenging since the size of conveyances, such as ships, commonly exceeded the ability to load and unload them quickly. Time spent at terminals such as ports and railyards was substantial. Historically, various systems were used to handle breakbulk cargo,

The United States alone has about 2,270 rail facilities rail performing some form of intermodalism by being able to move freight from rail to trucks. Although this appears to be a large number, only about 20% of these facilities handle a significant intermodal volume, and less than 10% are true

Source: adapted from EPA420-R-97-007. The four stages (or four steps) transportation/land use model follows a sequential procedure: This procedure is consequently iterative and converges towards a solution, often measured as the minimal transportation cost considering a given travel demand and the characteristics of the existing transportation network. It relies on

The effect of distance over spatial interactions (distance decay) can be represented as a classic non-linear (exponential) relationship where location A has interactions with other locations (B, C, and D), each at a different distance. The relationship assumes that each location has the same size, level of complementarity, and that

Source: adapted from E.J. Taaffe, H.L. Gauthier and M.E. O’Kelly (1995) Geography of Transportation, Second Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, p. 223. Technological innovations impacted the friction of distance, which is reflected in the reduction of the beta exponent used on spatial interaction models. Lower beta values imply

Variations of the beta, alpha, and lambda exponents have different impacts on the level of spatial interactions. For instance, the relationship between distance and spatial interactions will change according to the beta exponent. If the value of beta is high (higher than 0.5), the friction of distance will be much