Source: Adapted from M. Domosh, R.P. Neumann, P.L. Price and T.G. Jordan-Bychkov (2009) The Human Mosaic: A Cultural Approach to Human Geography, 11th Edition, Cranbury NJ: W.H. Freeman. Historically, two factors impacted the location of cities; their defense and commercial capabilities. Defensive capabilities are more of a site issue since
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The Silk Road and Arab Sea Routes (11th and 12th Centuries)
Source: Adapted from Martin Jan Mansson. The Silk Road was the most enduring trade route in human history, used for about 1,500 years. Its name is taken from the prized Chinese textile that flowed from Asia to the Middle East and Europe, although many other commodities were traded along the
The Performance of Pre-industrial Means of Transportation
The most common pre-industrial transportation modes had the following characteristics: Walking. Under normal conditions, such as the presence of a well-maintained path and level terrain, someone carrying 18 kilos can walk 30 km over a period of about 8 hours. This distance can easily be halved if the terrain is
Transport Revolutions in Human History
Source: adapted from R. Gilbert and A. Perl (2007) Transport Revolutions: Moving people and freight without oil, London: Earthscan / James & James.
The Genesis of Globalization
The time frame in which globalization emerged is subject to different interpretations since it could be argued that human history is in itself a process leading to globalization. The three main perspectives related to the genesis of globalization are: Pre Modern. Assumes that globalization was always a driving force but
Appendix B – Applications and Case Studies
The concepts and methods of transport geography can be used in a wide range of applications and case studies that can be articulated around their social and economic impacts, the role that freight transportation plays, and the complex environmental and planning issues. Socioeconomic Issues Freight Issues Planning and Environmental Issues
2.2 – Transportation and Spatial Organization
Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Transportation imposes an organization on activities and a spatial structure. Inversely, the spatial structure influences transportation. 1. The Spatial Organization of Transportation The spatial organization relies on two dimensions that underline that uniformity rarely exists. The first relates to spatial differentiation, where attributes such as location,
1.4 – The Setting of Global Transportation Systems
Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Global transportation systems emerged in the 20th century, particularly with the internal combustion engine, the jet plane, and the container. 1. Transportation in the Fordist Era (1920-1970) The adoption of the assembly line epitomized the Fordist era as the dominant form of industrial production, an innovation
1.3 – The Emergence of Mechanized Transportation Systems
Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Before the Industrial Revolution, even with limited technical capabilities, transportation enabled the setting of empires and trade routes. The Industrial Revolution allowed mechanized transportation systems, expanding mobility at the local and global levels. 1. Transportation in the Pre-Industrial Era (pre-1800s) Transportation is closely linked with the
B.1 – Teaching Transport Geography
Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Transport geography has been part of the curriculum of many geography programs, providing significant conceptual and methodological contributions to the discipline and transportation studies. 1. Transport Geography Education Transportation geography is not a science, but dominantly a field of application. Many spatial theories are relying on