Two Perspectives for Considering Traffic

Traffic Maximization. The purpose is to assess the maximal demand that a network can support considering its transport supply. Traffic maximization estimates the operational capacity of networks, that is, what amount of traffic they can handle under ideal conditions. The above graph (1) is the estimated optimal demand a network

Transportation and Pandemics (updated)

Updated the section covering transportation and pandemics to include the substantial evidence derived from the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly regarding mobility and supply chains. B.19 – Transportation and Pandemics | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)

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Impact of Covid-19 on commuting patterns in the United States

Significant increase in work-from-home “trips”, which are a form of mobility substitution. Decline in the share of public transit and carpooling. Home-to-Work Trips Modes, United States, 1985-2021 | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)

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Chapter 9.4 (Transportation, Disruptions and Resilience) updated

A review of the major natural and anthropogenic forces impacting transportation systems and resilience-building mechanisms. 9.4 – Transportation, Disruptions and Resilience | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)

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Transport Resilience Building Process

Source: Adapted from UNCTAD (2022) Building Capacity to Manage Risks and Enhance Resilience: A Guidebook for Ports, UNCTAD/TCS/DTL/INF/2022/3. Devising and implementing a strategy to enhance preparedness and resilience in the face of disruptive events requires five action-oriented steps, involving:

Response Options to a Transport Disruption

a. Monitoring and assessment In any unusual emergency, situational information is crucial. Those involved can develop their own solutions or alternatives, such as postponement, modal shift, or merely forfeiting a trip if it is discretionary. If properly informed, consumers and supply chain managers tend to act rationally, which may lessen

Percentage of Respondents Reporting Disruptions to Specific Incidents, 2021

Source: Business Continuity Institute (BCI), Supply Chain Resilience Report 2021. A survey of supply chain managers underlined that in 2021, about two third of the respondents stated that Covid-19 remained a source of supply chain disruption, with human illness as the most common disruption (with 83% of respondents reporting). The

Chapter 9.3 (Transport safety and security) updated

Covers safety and security issues for the transportation of passengers and freight. 9.3 – Transport Safety and Security | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)

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