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To undertake all the operational and regulatory requirements for air travel, airports have a highly organized sequence of vertical and lateral passenger flows. Each of the requirements generally generates a queue since it can process a fixed amount of passengers and since flows fluctuate during the day. More stringent security

While customers would prefer to use the closest airport as an origin or a destination, alternative airports have been increasingly used. The main reason is lower airfare or connections not available at the closest airport. There are two main types of alternative airports: Regional alternative airports. As the main airport of a

Source: adapted from aerotropolis.com. Air transportation conveys more people and goods at a high speed and over long distances, underling the crucial importance of airports. As a result, new urban forms are taking place around airports to create a cluster of activities related to passenger and cargo flows. Depending upon

Customs pre-clearance involves a traveler (and belongings) clearing customs procedures in a third country before arriving in the destination country. It is the outcome of a bilateral agreement where the locations and the conditions (facilities, security, personnel) for pre-clearance are set. Although pre-clearance can be used for many transportation modes,

Source: Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT). On-time arrivals are a commonly used performance measure in air transportation since passengers plan their trips according to the arrival schedule, including connecting flights. The main sources of delays, as reported by airlines, are: Fluctuations in the

A simple way to assess the hubbing level of an airport is to consider the share of connecting passengers in relation to the total number of passengers handled. A low level is related to a small airport with no connecting flights, simply acting as an origin and a destination. On

Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2000. In the simplest cases, a commercial airport is a dirt strip that can accommodate small propeller planes (the above plane is a Cessna 208 Caravan that can seat 9 passengers) during daytime and under normal weather conditions. In the case of Corn Island, the airstrip

Country Airport Year Opened Cost (USD Billion) China Hong Kong (Chek Lap Kok) 1998 20.1 Japan Osaka (Kansai International) 1994 14.4 United Arab Emirates Dubai (Al Maktoum International Airport) 2010 8.0 Japan Nagoya (Centrair) 2005 7.3 South Korea Seoul (Incheon International) 2001 5.8 Germany Munich (Franz Strauss) 1992 5.3 USA

Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2012. A jet bridge (jetway or sky bridge) is an enclosed ramp that connects the gate of an air terminal to the door of an aircraft. They are designed to accommodate a wide range of aircraft, from large wide-body planes such as the B777 or A330