The section provides an overview of the most complex transport terminals in existence; airports. Site and operational considerations are discussed, including congestion issues. This completes the migration of chapter 4 covering transport terminals. I decided to move the section about the governance of transport terminals into case studies since it
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Vertical and Lateral Passenger Flows at an Airport Terminal
To undertake all the operational and regulatory requirements for air travel, airports have a highly organized sequence of vertical and lateral passenger flows. Each of the requirements generally generates a queue since it can process a fixed amount of passengers and since flows fluctuate during the day. More stringent security
Alternative Airports
While customers would prefer to use the closest airport as an origin or a destination, alternative airports have been increasingly used. The main reason is lower airfare or connections not available at the closest airport. There are two main types of alternative airports: Regional alternative airports. As the main airport of a
Key Aerotropolis Developments
Source: adapted from aerotropolis.com. Air transportation conveys more people and goods at a high speed and over long distances, underling the crucial importance of airports. As a result, new urban forms are taking place around airports to create a cluster of activities related to passenger and cargo flows. Depending upon
Customs Pre-Clearance Airports for the United States
Customs pre-clearance involves a traveler (and belongings) clearing customs procedures in a third country before arriving in the destination country. It is the outcome of a bilateral agreement where the locations and the conditions (facilities, security, personnel) for pre-clearance are set. Although pre-clearance can be used for many transportation modes,
On-Time Flight Arrivals in the United States, 1995-2020
Source: Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT). On-time arrivals are a commonly used performance measure in air transportation since passengers plan their trips according to the arrival schedule, including connecting flights. The main sources of delays, as reported by airlines, are: Fluctuations in the
Airport Hubbing Level
A simple way to assess the hubbing level of an airport is to consider the share of connecting passengers in relation to the total number of passengers handled. A low level is related to a small airport with no connecting flights, simply acting as an origin and a destination. On
Basic Airstrip, Corn Island, Nicaragua
Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2000. In the simplest cases, a commercial airport is a dirt strip that can accommodate small propeller planes (the above plane is a Cessna 208 Caravan that can seat 9 passengers) during daytime and under normal weather conditions. In the case of Corn Island, the airstrip
Recently Completed Airports by Cost
Country Airport Year Opened Cost (USD Billion) China Hong Kong (Chek Lap Kok) 1998 20.1 Japan Osaka (Kansai International) 1994 14.4 United Arab Emirates Dubai (Al Maktoum International Airport) 2010 8.0 Japan Nagoya (Centrair) 2005 7.3 South Korea Seoul (Incheon International) 2001 5.8 Germany Munich (Franz Strauss) 1992 5.3 USA
Jet Bridge, Warsaw Airport
Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2012. A jet bridge (jetway or sky bridge) is an enclosed ramp that connects the gate of an air terminal to the door of an aircraft. They are designed to accommodate a wide range of aircraft, from large wide-body planes such as the B777 or A330