Environmental costs can be represented as a hierarchy ranging from those internal to the firm, which can be more readily identified and controlled, to externalities assumed by the society and can be difficult to quantify. Environmental Costs Hierarchy | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)
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Chapter 4.1 (Transportation and Energy) updated
An update of the chapter covering the relationships between transportation and energy was completed. It follows recent development in alternative sources of energy. Still, transportation is expected to extensively rely on fossil fuels within the foreseeable future. 4.1 – Transportation and Energy | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)
Continue readingPrimary Energy Consumption and GPD Per Capita, 2019
Source: bp Statistical Review of World Energy. World Bank. Note: Primary energy comprises commercially-traded fuels, including renewables used to generate electricity. There is a proportional relationship between GPD per capita (adjusted for purchasing power parity) and the level of primary energy consumption. Economies above the trend tend to be major
Primary Energy Consumption, Selected Countries, 1965-2020
Source: bp Statistical Review of World Energy.Note: Primary energy comprises commercially-traded fuels, including renewables used to generate electricity. The world’s largest economies reveal a pattern of energy growth as they develop. The rate and stages of that growth differ significantly. For advanced economies (United States, Germany, Japan), energy consumption peaked
Potential impacts of high energy prices on transportation
Transportation systems can adapt to higher energy prices over a series of dimensions. A decline in the usage levels and modal shifts are common expectations that do not always materialize. More complex and subtle are changes in service areas, a selection of alternative gateways and hubs, adapting the configuration of
Continue readingVehicle Miles Travelled and Oil Prices
The growth of Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT) and oil prices are usually inversely proportional. A surge in oil prices commonly results in a drop in growth rates of VMT, which can become negative with surges that are acute. The Covid-19 pandemic represents an exception as VMTs and oil prices dropped
Continue readingA Fourth Oil Shock?
Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the price of petroleum has been subject to substantial volatility. While oil prices collapsed in early 2020, by late 2020, prices surged. This can mainly be attributed to a bounce-back in the demand as well as aggressive quantitative easing by central banks. With
Continue readingAir travel in the United States almost back to pre-pandemic levels
Daily air travelers crossing through TSA checkpoints are almost back to pre-pandemic levels. 2021 marked the beginning of the recovery as vaccines became widely available and restrictions for domestic flights were relaxed (e.g Covid testing before boarding). Daily Air Travelers in the United States, 2019-2022 | The Geography of Transport
Continue readingMail being Loaded into a Domestic Flight, Miami
Photo: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, 2022 Most domestic air passenger services do not carry freight as the configuration of services does not well correspond to the configuration of the freight demand. Further, domestic flights rely on narrow-body aircraft that are not designed to carry a noticeable number of air cargo containers.
Mail Carried by USPS and Parcel Deliveries in the United States
The Covid-19 pandemic had a substantial effect on parcel deliveries in the United States. While mail deliveries dropped, parcel deliveries surged due to shifts in demand patterns. Through vertical integration, Amazon accounts for a growing share of the deliveries of the parcels it ships. Mail Carried by USPS and Parcels
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