The Effects of Topography on Route Selection

The Effects of Topography on Route Selection

The physical attributes of space, such as the topography, influence the route selection process since they impose a variable friction on movements. Consequently, a route between two locations (1 and 3, but also using intermediate location 2) may use a path that is not necessarily the most direct, but less costly to build and operate. The detour index (direct distance divided by transport distance) illustrates the importance of physical constraints on route selection.

RouteDirect Distance (1-2-3)Transport DistanceDetour Index
a20 km20 km1.0
b20 km25 km0.8
c20 km30 km0.666

Route (a) is the shortest in terms of distance, but not necessarily the least expensive in terms of construction and operating costs. Route (b) represents an attempt to reduce costs, and this is at the expense of a direct path. From a rational viewpoint, route (c) will be the one used to link locations 1 and 3. It offers a compromise between the lost distance (a higher detour) and the supplementary construction costs imposed by higher elevations.