The Geography of Transport Systems

Updated the classification of containerships to consider the latest developments of ships in the range of 25,000 TEUs. The practical upper limit of containership sizes has been debated in recent years as the larger the size, the more limited the port call options, and the more extensive the impacts on

Paris represents a salient example of the constraints of the urban spatial structure where the first rail stations could not be built in the central area, but along an almost equidistant concentric circle. Major Rail Stations and Rail Lines in the Paris Metropolitan Area | The Geography of Transport Systems

The Chicago metropolitan area is the largest intermodal rail cluster in the United States with 6.4 million lifts in 2018. Intermodal Rail Yards in the Chicago Metropolitan Area | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)

Updated the ranking of the world’s largest corporations by revenue. Scalability is the core driver which is achieved differently depending on the activity sector. For retail and e-commerce, this involves the setting of a large distribution network. For energy and mining, it is mostly through economies of scale in extraction

Updated the page discussing to what extent international trade is a necessity or a convenience. It is both, depending on the type of goods. The page can be accessed here: The Rationale for Trade | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)

Added a new page discussing a categorization of how countries participate in global value chains. This classification is coming from the 2020 World Development Report. The core issue is the difference between backward participation having outputs created by previous stages in the value chain and forward participation producing goods used

Since it is the holiday season, it is worth noting that the capability of large retail stores to be supplied relies on cross-docking distribution centers. Orders coming from several suppliers or distribution centers can be sorted so that each individual store receives customized orders. For e-commerce, the cross-docking principle (sortation

Updated a page describing the main freight facilities, which come into five main categories. Each facility is a combination of the functions of fabrication, storage, and distribution. Types of Freight Facilities | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)

Updated a page discussing the main differences between conventional retail and e-commerce. Since e-commerce is distributional consumption, logistics plays a more important role than standard retail, which is accessibility-based consumption. Retail Logistics and E-commerce | The Geography of Transport Systems (transportgeography.org)