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- Contents
- Appendix A – Methods in Transport Geography
- A.1 – Methods in Transport Geography
- A.10 – Transport Technical and Economic Performance Indicators
- A.14 – Location Analysis
- A.15 – Market Area Analysis
- Conventional Distance Decay Curves for Retail Activities
- GIS Methods to Estimate Market Areas
- Hotelling’s Principle of Market Competition
- Huff’s Law
- Market Profitability
- Market Size and Threshold
- Market Threshold and Range
- Non-Isotropic Conditions and the Shape of Market Areas
- Reilly’s Law
- Supply, Demand and Equilibrium Price
- The Optimal Shape of a Market Area
- A.16 – The Specialization Index and the Location Coefficient
- A.17 – The Gini Coefficient
- A.18 – Spatial Interactions and the Gravity Model
- Chicago’s beta Values for Air Transportation, 1949-1989
- Conditions for the Realization of a Spatial Interaction
- Constructing an O/D Matrix
- Effects of beta, alpha and lambda on Spatial Interactions
- Four Stages Transportation / Land Use Model
- Relationship between Distance and Interactions
- Representation of a Movement as a Spatial Interaction
- Three Basic Types of Interaction Models
- A.2 – Geographic Information Systems for Transportation (GIS-T)
- A.20 – Transportation Environmental Management
- A.3 – Symbolization of Transport Features in a GIS
- A.4 – Transportation and Accessibility
- Accessibility and Spatial Structure
- Geographic Accessibility
- More Complex Connectivity Matrix
- Potential Accessibility
- Relationship between Distance and Opportunities
- Shimbel Distance Matrix (D-Matrix)
- Simple Connectivity Matrix
- Topological and Contiguous Accessibility
- Total Accessibility Matrix (T)
- Valued Graph Matrix (L-Matrix)
- A.5 – Graph Theory: Definition and Properties
- Articulation Node
- Basic Graph Representation of a Transport Network
- Complementary Graph
- Connections and Paths
- Connectivity in a Graph
- Cycles and Circuits
- Dual Graph
- Ego Network
- Graph Representation of a Real Network
- Isthmus Connection
- Length of a Link, Connection or Path
- Nodal Region
- Planar and Non-Planar Graphs
- Root Node
- Simple and Multigraph
- Tree Graph
- A.6 – Graph Theory: Measures and Indices
- Alpha Index in a Graph
- Beta Index in Graph
- Changes in the Diameter of a Graph
- Cost in a Graph
- Diameter of a Graph
- Eta Index in a Graph
- Gamma Index in a Graph
- Hierarchy in a Graph (h)
- Number of Cycles in a Graph
- Order in a Graph
- Pi Index and the Shape of Transportation Networks
- The Effects of Topography on Route Selection
- Theta Index in Graph
- Transitivity in a Graph
- A.7 – Network Data Models
- Cartography of a Network Data Model
- Creation of a Connectivity Matrix with a Link Table
- Geocoding in a Network Data Model
- Object-Oriented Network Model
- Routing in a Network Data Model
- The ESRI Shapefile Model
- Topological Representation of a Simple Network in a Relational Database
- Topology of a Network Data Model
- Turn Penalties at an Intersection
- A.8 – Route Selection and Traffic Assignment
- Causes of Road Transportation Bottlenecks
- Cost Minimization and Efficiency Maximization in Route Selection
- Effect of Transport Costs on Route Selection
- Heuristic Method for Cost Minimization
- Heuristic Method for Traffic Maximization
- The Traveling Salesperson Problem
- Traffic Assignment Problem
- Two Perspectives for Considering Traffic
- A.9 – Location-Allocation Models
- Appendix B – Applications and Case Studies
- B.1 – Teaching Transport Geography
- B.10 – Transportation and Blockchains
- B.11- Freight Distribution Clusters (Logistics Zones)
- Economic Benefits and Costs of Logistic Zones
- Functions Performed at Logistic Zones
- Intermodal Terminals and Selected Co-Located Logistic Zones Projects in North America
- Logistic Centric Industrial Park, Wheatland, Pennsylvania
- Main Advantages of Port-Centric Logistic Zones
- Potential Services Offered by a Logistics Zone
- Taxonomy of Logistics Clusters
- The Benefits of Logistics Improvements
- The Evolution of the Scope and Taxonomy of Logistic Areas
- Types of Logistic Zones
- B.13 – The Containerization of Commodities
- B.14 – The Logistics of Global Food Systems
- Estimated Famine Victims since the Mid 19th Century
- FAO Food Price Index, 1990-2023
- Food Consumed per Capita, Selected Countries
- Food Prices Relative to Average Hourly Wages, United States, 1919-2019
- Global Average Food Losses by Food Type, 2010
- Length of Growing Period (LGP), in Days
- Most Suitable Cereal
- The Agri-Food Supply Chain
- The Food System
- World Agricultural Area, 1961-2021
- B.15 – Green Logistics
- Environmental Vicious Circle of Logistics
- Hub-and-Spoke Network and the Environment
- Logistic Activities and their Green Dimensions
- Material Flow Cycle
- Packed Memory Foam Mattresses
- The Food Mile: Yogurt Supply Chain, Germany
- The Paradoxes of Green Logistics
- Weight and Packaging Improvements: iPad 1 versus iPad 2
- B.16 – The Financing of Transportation Infrastructure
- Actors in Transport Finance
- Examples of Highway Public / Private Partnerships in the United States
- Port and Maritime Industry Finance
- Public / Private Partnership Options for Building Transportation Facilities
- Risk Transfer and Private Sector Involvement in Public-Private Partnerships
- Value Propositions behind the Interest of Equity Firms in Transport Terminals
- B.17 – Logistics Policies
- B.18 – Climate Change and the Adaptation of Transport Infrastructure
- B.19 – Transportation and Pandemics
- Basic Reproduction Number (R0) of Major Infectious Diseases
- Coronavirus (COVID-19) Reported Daily New Cases, 2020
- Diffusion of a Pandemic through a Global Transportation Network
- Empty Drugstore Shelves from Hoarding Behavior
- Impacts of Pandemics on Supply Chains
- Impacts of Transportation on the Velocity and Extent of a Pandemic
- Influenza-Like Illnesses per 100,000 Population, Selected Countries, 2003-2015
- Main Factors behind the Global Spread of Diseases
- The Logistics Stronghold Concept
- B.2 – Transportation and Mega-Urban Regions
- B.20 – The St. Lawrence Seaway and Regional Development
- Composition of the Traffic Transiting Through the St. Lawrence Seaway, 1978-2022
- Construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway, 1958
- First Ship to Cross the St. Lambert Lock, April 1959
- Inauguration Ceremonies of the St. Lawrence Power Project, 1954
- Iroquois Locks, St. Lawrence Seaway
- Laker on the Seaway at Montreal
- Locks of the Montreal – Lake Ontario Section of the Seaway prior to 1901
- Ocean-Going Cargo Ship at the Port of Cleveland
- Technical Characteristics of the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes System
- The St. Lawrence / Great Lakes System
- The St. Lawrence Seaway
- Tonnage Transiting Through the St. Lawrence Seaway, 1960-2022
- Welland Canal at the Niagara Escarpment
- B.21 – The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
- Container Traffic Handled by the Port of New York, 1991-2016
- Distribution of General Cargo Operations, Port of New York, 1959, 1987 and 2000
- Facilities of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
- Freight handled at New York’s Major Airports, 1985-2022
- Inland Flows, Port of New York c2010
- On-Dock Rail Lifts, Port of New York, 1991-2016
- Passengers Handled at New York’s Major Airports, 1989-2022
- Port Inland Distribution Network of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
- B.22 – Rail Deregulation in the United States
- B.23 – The Digitalization of Mobility
- B.3 – Gateways and Transport Corridors in North America
- Main North American Trade Corridors, Gateways and Inland Freight Clusters
- Market Accessibility of Major North American Freight Distribution Clusters
- Monthly Value of Surface Trade between the United States, Canada and Mexico, 1993-2016
- Some North American Trade Corridor Initiatives
- The North-American Container Port System and its Multi-Port Gateway Regions
- Traffic Handled at Major North American Gateways, 2007
- B.4 – High Speed Rail Systems
- B.5 – Transportation and its Bottlenecks
- B.6 – Mega Airport Projects
- B.7 – Tourism and Transport
- B.8 – Petroleum: A Transportation Resource
- Crude Oil Production and Consumption, China, 1980-2016
- Estimated Oil Reserves, Selected OPEC Countries, 1980-1991 (billions of barrels)
- Global Oil Market, 2018
- Main Origin of Crude Oil Imports, United States, 1973-2016
- Modes Used for Petroleum Transportation
- Nominal and Real Oil Price, 1870-2016 (Dollars per Barrel)
- Oil Production of Some Declining Regions, 1973-2016
- OPEC Members and Countries with more than 10 Billion Barrels of Oil Reserves
- Petroleum Production, Consumption and Imports, United States, 1949-2016
- Proven Oil Reserves, 1980-2016 (thousand million barrels)
- Reserves and Total Resources
- Share of OPEC and the Persian Gulf in the World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2016
- The Export Land Theory
- Types of Oil and Gas Reserves
- United States Strategic Petroleum Reserves, 1977-2016
- World Crude Oil Production and Consumption, 1965-2016
- World Oil Balance, 1965-2016
- B.9 – The Cold Chain and its Logistics
- Availability of Fresh Produce by Season and Region
- Banana Ripening Room
- Containerization, Cold Chains and the Flexibility of Supply Chains
- Crownless Pineapples in Cold Chain Inspection Room
- Elements of the Cold Chain
- Fresh Flowers Cold Chain, Ecuador-United States
- Grocery Chain Cold Storage Facility, Regina
- Grocery Section of a Large Food Distribution Center
- Income per Capita and Perishable Share of Food Imports
- Large Scale Grocery Cold Chain Distribution Center
- Meat Cold Chain
- Operational Conditions of Cold Chain Logistics
- Palletized Bananas at a Cold Chain Warehouse
- Preponderance of Fresh and Frozen Cargo by Transport Mode
- Reefers and Source Loading in the Chilled Meat Cold Chain
- Refrigerated Urban Delivery Truck
- Shelf Life of Selected Perishable Food Products
- Source Loading of Chilled Meat in a Reefer
- Subtropolis Underground Warehousing Facility, Kansas City
- Temperature Standards for the Cold Chain
- The Cold Chain Technology
- Appendix C – City Logistics
- C.1 – What is City Logistics?
- City Functions and Urban Distribution
- Conceptual Differences between Supply Chain Management and City Logistics
- Core Relations Between Freight and Urban Areas
- Main Driving Factors for City Logistics
- Main Stakeholders in Urban Freight Distribution
- The Spatial and Functional Structure of Urban Logistics
- Typological Criteria for City Logistics
- C.10 – Autonomous Vehicles for Urban Deliveries
- C.11 – Third-Party Logistics Services Providers
- C.12 – Stakeholder Relationships in City Logistics
- Changing the Number of Street Lanes to Accommodate Business Needs
- City Logistics Stakeholder Categories
- Consumer Stakeholder Relationships, Interests and Different Sources of Influence
- Distributor Stakeholder Relationships, Interests and Different Sources of Influence
- Infrastructure Manager Stakeholder Relationships, Interests and Different Sources of Influence
- Planner and Governance Stakeholder Relationships, Interests and Different Sources of Influence
- Time Restricted Curb-Side Parking for Food Pickup
- Waste Management Truck by the Curb
- C.13 – Freight Distribution Strategies for City Logistics
- C.2 – The Urban Freight Landscape
- C.3 – The Diversity of Urban Freight Activities
- Factors Impacting Truck Traffic in Large Metropolitan Areas
- Global City Logistics Typology
- Intercity Bus Station, Douala, Cameroon
- National Urban Populations and the Logistics Performance Index
- Relationship between Urban Density, Urban Mobility and Commercial Freight Deliveries
- World’s Major Cities and the Logistics Performance Index, 2015
- C.4 – Urban Logistical Challenges
- C.5 – Urban Freight Distribution Channels
- C.6 – E-commerce and Home Deliveries
- C.7 – Procurement and Fulfillment Facilities
- C.8 – Distribution Facilities
- C.9 – Last Mile Facilities
- C.1 – What is City Logistics?
- Chapter 1 – Transportation and Geography
- 1.1 – What is Transport Geography?
- Atomization versus Massification in Transportation Modes
- Common Challenges for Transport Systems
- Common Fallacies in Transport Geography
- Complex Systems and Transportation
- Core Components of Transportation
- Dimensions of Transport Geography
- Fields of Transport Geography
- Mobility of Freight (Selected Cargo)
- Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation
- Representations of Distance
- Representations of the Effects of Distance
- Space – Time Convergence
- Spatial Flow Patterns
- The Core Principles of Transport Geography
- The Scales of Transport Geography
- The Sisyphus Analogy in Transportation
- The Spatial Consideration of a Movement
- The Transport System
- Transport and Communication Costs Indexes, 1920-2015
- Transportation and the Mobility of Passengers and Freight
- Transportation as a Derived Demand
- Vehicle Use Indicators, World, 1950-2022
- 1.2 – Transportation and the Physical Environment
- Absolute, Relative and Arbitrary Barriers
- Global Accessibility: Time to the Nearest Large City
- Global Space/Time Convergence: Days Required to Circumnavigate the Globe
- Global Wind Patterns
- Land Covered by Permafrost
- Lindbergh Great Circle Path, First Transatlantic Flight, 1927
- Mail Delivery Times between New York and San Francisco, 1840-2000 (in days)
- Major Oceanic Gyres and Sea Currents
- Polar Shipping Routes
- Regional Space/Time Convergence, (London – Edinburgh, New York – Boston)
- Seasonal Variations of Major Global Wind Patterns
- Site and Situation
- Speed Improvement Potential by Transport Mode
- The Geographical Space of Maritime Transportation
- The Great Circle Distance
- The Spatial Structure and Transportation
- Transportation Networks and Geographical Concentration
- Transportation Networks and Geographical Specialization
- Volcanic Ash Plume across the North Atlantic, 2010
- 1.3 – The Emergence of Mechanized Transportation Systems
- American Rail Network, 1861
- An Early Steamship, the Great Britain, 1845
- Ancient Trade Issues
- Break-Even Distance between Sail and Steam, 1850-1890
- Bridgewater Canal, Manchester, 1767
- Cargo Carried by Steamship by Port City, 1890-1925
- Clipper Ships
- Colonial Trade Pattern, North Atlantic, 18th Century
- Completion of the Transcontinental Railway, 1869
- Density of Ship Log Entries, 1750-1810
- Dutch East India Company, Trade Network, 18th Century
- Early European Maritime Expeditions
- Early European Sailships
- Erie Canal, New York, 1829
- Evolution of the World Railway Network, 1850-1913
- Geographical Impacts of the Suez and Panama Canals
- Grand Canal System
- Historical Urban Location Factors
- Horse-Drawn Carriage, Dublin c1900
- Impacts of Maury’s Navigation Charts on Sailing Time, 1850s
- Inland Travel Time from New York, 1800 – 1830 (in days)
- Length of the British Railway System, 1830-1860
- Length of the World’s Largest Railway Systems, 1913
- Liner Transatlantic Crossing Times, 1833 – 1952
- Major Canals Built
- Major Canals Built in the 19th Century, American Northeast
- Major Technological Innovations of the Industrial Revolution
- Maritime Journey from Britain to Australia, 1788-1960
- North American Coastal Trade System, 18th Century
- Share of the Population in Agriculture, Early Industrial Countries, 1820-1910
- Spanish and Portuguese Empires (1581-1640)
- The Genesis of Globalization
- The Performance of Pre-industrial Means of Transportation
- The Roman Empire, c125 CE
- The Silk Road and Arab Sea Routes (11th and 12th Centuries)
- Transport Revolutions in Human History
- Turnpikes in Great Britain and Travel Hours from London, Late 18th and Early 19th Century
- World Maritime Trade Routes, 1912
- 1.4 – The Setting of Global Transportation Systems
- Assembly Line of the Ford T Model, 1913
- Automobile Production, Selected Countries, 1950-2022
- Bell’s First Telephone, 1875
- Boeing 707
- Boeing 747
- Comparison between a Contemporary and a Second World War Tanker
- Corporate Adaptation to Transport Innovations: American Express and Wells Fargo
- Cost and Production of Ford Vehicles, 1908-1924
- Cumulative Waves of Transport Development
- Diffusion of Personal Computing Devices, 1977-2021
- Diffusion of Telecommunication Services, 1985-2021
- Douglas DC-3
- Evolution of Powered Transatlantic Passenger Modes
- First Containership, Ideal-X, 1956
- Ford T Town Car, 1915
- Global Production per Car Manufacturer, 1998-2017
- Global Submarine Cable Network
- Growth of the US Transport System, 19th – 21st Century
- Main Technological Advances in Transportation and Telecommunication
- Moore’s Law (Transistors per Microprocessor), 1971-2022
- Phases of Development of the Global Economy
- Shinkansen (Class 0)
- Some Impacts of Early Containerization
- The Dawn of Containerization: 1970
- The Four Industrial Revolutions
- Travel Time between London and the Rest of the World, 1914
- United States Maritime Commission Cargo Ships, 1938-1947
- US Household Penetration of Telecommunications, 1920-2015
- Wright Brothers First Flight, 1903
- 1.5 – Transportation and Commercial Geography
- Drivers of Change in Manufacturing
- Economic, Transport and Commercial Geography
- Factors behind Empty Transport Flows
- GDP Share of Manufacturing, Selected Countries, 1970-2021
- Global Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index, 2015
- Global Inflows of Foreign Direct Investments, 1990-2021
- Global Manufacturing, 2015
- Globalization as a Driver of Added Value
- Increases in U.S. Commercial Freight Shipments and Related Growth Factors, 1993-2002
- Major Commercial Actors in Freight Distribution
- Monthly Retail Sales and Inventories, United States, 1992-2022
- Share of East Asia in the Value of World Merchandise Trade, 1980-2021
- Share of the World’s GDP, 1CE – 2020
- The Commercialization of Transportation
- The Drivers of Trade and Globalization
- The Economic Output of the World’s Major Metropolitan Areas, 2012
- The Footprint of Retail-Based and Distribution-Based Commercial Activities
- The Nature of a Supply Chain
- The Relevance of Logistics
- Transportation and Logistics Multinationals
- Types of Competitive Advantages
- World Nominal GDP, 2000-21
- Worldwide Mergers and Acquisitions, 1985-2018
- 1.1 – What is Transport Geography?
- Chapter 10 – Challenges for Transport Geography
- 10.1 – Transport Resilience
- 10.2 – Governance, Management and Digitalization
- 10.3 – Social and Environmental Responsibility
- 10.4 – Future Transportation Systems
- Common Flaws in Forecasting
- Development of Operational Speed for Major Transport Modes, 1750-2020
- Drivers of Change for Future Transportation
- Evolution of Transport Technology since the 18th Century
- Forces Shaping the Diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies in Freight Transportation
- Forms of Transport Automation
- Maglev Train, Shanghai
- Potential Benefits of On Demand Services Compared with Conventional Taxi Services
- Probability of Automation by Occupation Group, United States, 2018-2030
- The Flying Car Concept, 1951
- The Prediction of Future Outcomes
- ULTra (Urban Light Transport) System
- Value Chain Drivers of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
- Visualization of a Cargo Airship Prototype
- Chapter 2 – Transportation and Spatial Structure
- 2.1 – The Geography of Transportation Networks
- A Typology of Transportation Networks
- Absolute and Relative Distance in a Network
- Centripetal and Centrifugal Networks
- Cost Structure of Point-to-Point and Hub-and-Spoke Networks
- Cost, Revenue and Level of Network Coverage
- Detour Level in a Hub-and-Spoke Network
- Impacts of Integration Processes on Networks and Flows
- Modes of Territorial Occupation by Transport Networks
- Network Connectivity Options
- Network Geometry and Number of Links
- Network Strategies to Service a Set of Locations
- Network Structures
- Network Topologies
- Network Topology and Connectivity
- Networks and Spatial Continuity
- Point-to-Point versus Hub-and-Spoke Networks
- Structural Components of Transport Networks
- Topology of a Network
- Transport Rates and Network Structure
- Transportation Network Efficiency and Resilience
- 2.2 – Transportation and Spatial Organization
- Central Places in Urban Areas
- Central Places Theory (Market Principle)
- Conceptual Corridor Development
- Core / Periphery Division of the World
- Core-Periphery Stages of Development in an Urban System
- Delimitation and Variations in Market Areas
- Forces of Geographical Concentration and Dispersion
- Gateways and Hubs
- Global Gateways Index, 2018
- Global Net Migration (2010-2015)
- Growth Poles Theory
- Land Use Values by Activity Sectors
- Market Size / Area Relationships in the Central Places Theory
- Poles of the Global Economy
- Scales of Spatial Organization for Transportation
- The Components of Nodal Connectivity
- The Relevance of Connectivity
- Trade, Connectivity and Spatial Inequalities
- Transport Corridors and the Regional Spatial Structure
- Transportation Infrastructures and their Constraints
- Types of Transportation Bottlenecks
- Variations of the Central Places Theory
- World Cities, 2012
- World’s 250 Largest Corporations by Head Office City
- 2.3 – Transport and Location
- Accessibility and Location
- Agglomeration Economies
- Basic Location Factors
- Basic Location Strategies
- Behavioral Approach to Location
- Factors Affecting Location Decisions
- Factors in Urban Location
- Locational Changes in Manufacturing
- Strategic Decision Making in Location
- The Four Main Locational Influences of Transportation
- The Location Spectrum
- Traditions in Location Theories
- Transport and Co-Location
- Transport Costs Surfaces and Location
- Types of Economies in Production, Distribution and Consumption
- Types of Manufacturing Clusters
- Weber’s Location Triangle
- 2.4 – Information Technologies and Mobility
- Digital Mobility as a Service
- Forms of Digitalization in Freight Transportation
- Global Media Systems
- Information Technologies and the Corporate Structure
- Mail Carried by USPS and Parcels Carried by Major Carriers, United States, 2004-2022
- Organizational Form of the Information Society
- Paradigms of the Dematerialization of the Economy
- The Digitalization of Mobility
- The Substitution and Generation Effects of Information Technologies on Mobility
- 2.1 – The Geography of Transportation Networks
- Chapter 3 – Transportation, Economy and Society
- 3.1 – Transportation and Economic Development
- A Multi-Layer Perspective about Transport and Economic Development
- Business Cycles and Misallocations
- Cumulative Modal Contribution to Economic Opportunities
- Cycles, Space and Transportation
- Diffusion Cycle of Containerization
- Diminishing Returns of Transport Investments
- Economic Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure
- Employment in Transportation, United States, 1990-2021
- Factors behind the Development of Transport Systems
- Impact of Recessions on Consumption, Production, and Trade
- Just-in-Time and its Logistic
- Logistics Costs and Average Transit Time of a 20 Foot Container, Mombasa – Nairobi
- Long Wave Cycles of Innovation
- Resource-Based Transport Systems
- Services and their Associated Infrastructures
- Share of Consumption by Sector and Income, Developing Countries, 2010
- Share of Transport Costs in Product Prices and Average Domestic Haul Length
- Socioeconomic Benefits of Transportation
- Stages in a Bubble
- Technology Hype Cycle
- The lifespan of Main Transport Assets
- The Ocean Economy
- Time Sequence and Nature of Impacts of Transport Investments
- Trade, Transportation and Geographic Specialization
- Transport Economic Indicators
- Transport Impacts on Economic Opportunities
- Transport Infrastructure Investment and Maintenance Spending as Share of GDP, 2015
- Wealth Consumption Investment in Transport Infrastructure: Repaving a Sidewalk
- World Bank Average Annual Lending by Mode, 2007
- 3.2 – Transportation and Society
- Economic Opportunities According to Automobile Ownership
- Environmental Dimensions of Transportation
- Mini Hand Tractor Used for Providing Mobility, Phosavan, Laos
- Passengers Mobility Transition
- Pedestrian Fatalities, United States, 1990-2020
- Probability of Pedestrian Fatality by Impact Speed
- Relationship between GDP and Motorization, Selected Asian Countries, 1960-1990
- Road Fatalities per 100,000 People, Selected Countries
- Share of Employed Females by Profession, United States, 2022
- Transport Fatalities by Mode, United States, 1970-2020
- 3.3 – Transport Costs
- Average Fares Disbursed for JFK–LAX Route, 2009 (April to July)
- Components of Transport Cost
- Conditions Affecting Transport Costs
- Cost to Import a 20 Foot Container, 2015
- Costs of Shipping a 40 foot Container to the American East Coast
- Daily Operating Expenses for Containerships per TEU
- Different Components of Transport Time
- First and Last Mile Unit Cost Structure
- Fixed and Operating Transport Costs
- Freight Rates in TEU Between Singapore and Rotterdam
- Freight Transportation Service Spectrum
- Friction of Distance Functions
- Household Expenditures on Transport, United States, 2020
- Letters of Credit and Bills of Lading in Commercial Transactions
- Maritime Transportation Rates for a 40 Foot Container between Selected Ports, 2010
- Retail Gasoline Prices and Annual Vehicle Mileage, United States, 1960-2020
- Selected International Commercial Terms (Incoterms)
- Shipment Size and Inland Transport Costs
- The Baltic Dry Index, 1985-2022
- Top 15 Commodity Groups Ranked by Value Per Ton, United States, 2017
- Zonal Transport Rates
- 3.4 – The Provision and Demand of Transportation Services
- Average Price of a Domestic Airfare Based on Advance Purchase, United States, 2013
- Factors behind Freight Transport Demand
- Growth Factors in Transport Demand
- Impacts of Modal Competition and Intermodal Capacity on Transport Supply
- Major Supply Variables for Transportation Modes
- Road Transport Elasticity by Activity
- Standard Transport Demand / Supply Function
- Static and Dynamic Capacity of Transport Infrastructure
- The Functions of Transport Supply and Demand
- Transport Supply, Demand and Travel Time
- Transportation Yield Management
- Types of Transportation Demand
- 3.1 – Transportation and Economic Development
- Chapter 4 – Transport, Energy and Environment
- 4.1 – Transportation and Energy
- Annual Energy Consumption in England and Wales, 1560s to 1850s
- Automobile Emission Factors
- Change in Vehicle-Miles Traveled in the United States and Nominal Spot Oil Prices, 1971-2022
- Demand for Refined Petroleum Products by Sector in the United States
- Energy and Work
- Energy Consumption by Sector, OECD Countries
- Energy Consumption by Transportation Mode in the United States, 1960-2020
- Energy Density of some Combustibles
- Energy Efficiency by Transportation Mode
- Evolution of Energy Sources
- Factors of Energy Use by Transportation
- Final Energy Consumption by Fuel Type by Transport Sector
- Fuel Consumption and Fuel Efficiency
- Fuel Consumption by Containership Size and Speed
- Fuels Production Processes
- Global Energy Systems Transition
- Major Crude Oil Reserves, 2000-2020
- Potential Impacts of High Energy Prices on Transportation
- Power Generated by Steam Machines, Europe, 1840-1888
- Primary Energy Consumption and GPD Per Capita, 2019
- Primary Energy Consumption, Selected Countries, 1965-2020
- Sources of Energy
- Total Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Travel in the United States
- Transportation Fuel Markets
- Typical Energy Use for a Car
- West Texas Intermediate, Monthly Nominal Spot Oil Price (1970-2022)
- World Annual Oil Production and Peak Oil
- World Energy Consumption, 1965-2020
- World Energy Production, 2019
- 4.2 – Transportation and the Environment
- Average CO2 Emissions by Passenger and Freight Transport Mode
- Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile, 1975-2020
- Average Global Temperature and Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuel Burning, 1880-2022
- Carbon Emissions by Country, 1965-2020
- Environmental Costs Hierarchy
- Environmental Externalities Generated by Transportation
- Estimated Air Pollutants Emitted by Highway Transportation in the United States, 1970-2021
- Externalities of Air Pollution
- Externalities of Noise Pollution
- Externalities of Water Pollution
- Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by the Transportation Sector
- Noise Levels from Different Sources
- Public Preferences for Priority between the Economy and the Environment, 1984-2022
- Spatial and Durational Environmental Effects of Selected Environmental Externalities
- The Concept of Externalities
- The Environmental Relationships of Transportation Systems
- The Environmental System
- The Paradox of Mobility and its Costs
- Transportation Activities Affecting the Environment
- Transportation Systems and the Environment
- 4.3 – The Environmental Footprint of Transportation
- Environmental Externalities of Land Use
- Footprint of UPS Chicago Area Consolidation Hub
- Population Density, Selected Cities, 1960-2020
- Spatial Form, Pattern and Interaction and the Environmental Impacts of Transportation
- Sustainable Urban Passenger Travel, Selected Cities
- The Footprint of Transportation
- Urban Density and Energy Consumption
- 4.4 – Transportation, Sustainability and Decarbonization
- Economic and Social Outcomes of Sustainable Transportation
- Environmental, Social and Governance Criteria
- Global Electric Vehicles Sales, 2010-2022
- Global Sustainability
- Main Commodity Price Indexes, 1992-2022
- Main Material Components of a Car
- Sustainability Dimensions in the Transport Industry
- Sustainable Development Goals
- Sustainable Transportation
- The Circular Economy and Supply Chains
- The Decarbonization of Transportation
- 4.1 – Transportation and Energy
- Chapter 5 – Transportation Modes
- 5.1 – Transportation Modes, Modal Competition and Modal Shift
- Average Length of Haul, Domestic Passenger and Freight Transport, United States, 1960-2019
- Distance, Modal Choice and Transport Cost
- Distribution of Freight Demand by Mode
- Forms of Modal Competition
- Four Travel Options between New York and Boston, 2004
- Freight Transport Revenue per Ton-Mile
- Main Freight Modal Options
- Main Passenger Modal Options
- Modal Competition and Complementarity
- Modal Competition, Complementarity and Shift along a Corridor
- Modal Profile of Freight Transportation, United States
- Modal Share of Freight Transportation, Selected Countries, 2020
- Passenger Modal Split by Travel Distance, United States
- Performance Comparison for Selected Freight Modes
- Principles of Modal Shift
- Relative Efficiencies of Rail and Trucking in the United States
- 5.2 – Road Transportation
- Annual Vehicle-Miles Traveled in the United States and Year-over-Year Changes, 1971-2022
- Average Marginal Trucking Costs per Mile, United States, 2008-2020
- Distribution of Car Trips by Travelled Distance, United States
- George Washington Bridge
- Length of the Interstate Highway System and of the Chinese Expressway System, 1959-2021
- Linearity, Capacity and Surface of Roads
- Macadam Road Construction, Maryland, 1823
- Main Design of Highway Interchanges
- Rickshaws (becak), Jog Jakarta, Indonesia
- Roman Road (Appian Way)
- Share of Cycling over the Total Amount of Trips, Selected Countries, 2015
- The Interstate Highway System
- Third Party Less-than-Truckload Service, FedEx
- Vehicle Sales, United States, 1931-2021
- World Automobile Production and Fleet, 1965-2021
- World Bicycle Production, 1950-2018
- World Main Highway and Primary Road Network
- 5.3 – Rail Transportation and Pipelines
- 40-Foot Containers Doublestacked on a Rail Car
- American Intermodal Rail Traffic, 1988-2021
- Capital Expenditures as Share of Revenue
- Comparison Between European, North American and Pacific Asian Railways
- Composition of the North American Intermodal Rail Fleet
- Development of High Speed Train Traffic, 1964-2019
- Economic Rationale of Rail Transportation
- French Rail Network, 1886
- Major Gauges of the Global Rail Systems
- Major North American Rail Corridors Improved since 2000
- Major Oil Pipelines
- Modal Share before and after the Introduction of a High Speed Train
- Oil and Gas Pipelines Mileage in the United States, 1960-2020
- Ownership of Major North American Rail Lines, 2021
- Rail Track Mileage and Number of Class I Rail Carriers, United States, 1830-2020
- Restructuring Effects of High Speed Rail
- Share of Rail Passenger Traffic to Total Rail Traffic
- Spatial Performance of Rail and Road Transportation
- The Alameda Corridor and Containers Handled by the San Pedro Bay Ports, 2002-2018
- The Alameda Rail Corridor
- The North American Intermodal Rail System
- Trans-Alaska Pipeline
- Travel Times before and after the Introduction of a High-Speed Rail Service
- Types and Functions of Rail Freight Corridors
- World High Speed Rail Systems, 2018
- World Rail Freight Traffic, 2018
- World Rail Network and Rail Systems
- World Rail Passenger Traffic, 2017
- 5.4 – Maritime Transportation
- ‘E’ Class Containership, The Evelyn Maersk
- Average Draft by Containership Capacity
- Channel Ferry Ship Entering the Port of Le Havre, France
- Characteristics of Short Sea Shipping Services
- Container Barge, Seine River
- Domains of Maritime Circulation
- Evolution of Containerships
- Factors Impacting Maritime Shipping Networks
- Flexibility and Specialization of Major Ship Designs
- Inter-Range Services and Cabotage
- International Seaborne Trade and Exports of Goods, 1955-2021
- Laker Ship Supplying a Steel Mill in Hamilton, Ontario
- Landlocked Countries
- Largest Countries of Ship Registry, 2020
- Length of the Major Inland Waterway Systems
- LNG Ship, Port of Zeebrugge
- Major Oil Spills Since 1967
- Operating Costs of Panamax and Post-Panamax Containerships
- RO-RO Cargo Ship
- Selected Changes in Maritime Shipping
- Share of Foreign-flagged Deadweight Tonnage, 1989-2021
- Specifications for Very Large Post-Panamax Containerships
- The European Short Sea Shipping Market
- The Maritime Transport Life Cycle and Main National Actors
- The North American Short Sea Shipping Market
- Three Containership Classes
- Types of Maritime Cargo
- Types of Maritime Routes
- Ultra Large Ore Carrier, the Berge Stahl
- Vessel Size Groups
- VLCC Atlantic Prosperity
- World Merchant Fleet, Tonnage Registered per Ship Size, 1970-2020
- World Seaborne Trade by Cargo Type, 1970-2021
- 5.5 – Air Transport
- A380 at John F Kennedy Airport, New York
- Air Freedom Rights
- Air Hubs and Market Fragmentation at Chicago
- Air Transportation Growth and Economic Growth, 1950-2020
- Air Unit Load Device
- Airline Deregulation and Hub-and-Spoke Networks
- Amazon Air Boeing 767
- Annual Passenger Plane Load Factor, World and United States, 1950-2021
- Average Airfare between New York and London, 1946-2015
- Boarding of a Ryanair Flight
- Changes in the Duration of Selected Scheduled Flights, 1996-2019
- Concorde Supersonic Services, 1976-2003
- Daily Air Travelers in the United States, 2019-2022
- Deliveries of Boeing 747s, 1969-2022
- Development Costs for Selected Aircraft
- Early Intercontinental Air Routes, 1930s
- Flight Time and One Way Airfare, 1955
- Flight Times by Piston and Jet Engines from New York
- Frankfurt International Airport, April 15, 2020
- Jet Fuel Prices, 1990-2023
- Largest Airline Companies by Revenue, 2019
- Latitudinal Intermediacy: COPA Airlines
- Longitudinal Intermediacy: Icelandair
- Mail being Loaded into a Domestic Flight, Miami
- Main Air Transport Service Ranges (From New York)
- Main Commercial Passenger Aircraft, 1935-2015
- Major Air Traffic Flows Between Regions, 2010
- Market Share of Main Airline Alliances, 2020
- Market Share of the top American Airlines, 1977-2022
- Monthly Global Air Passenger Traffic, 2010
- New York / Hong Kong Air Routes: Conventional and Polar
- Number of Yearly Fatalities due to Air Transport Crashes, 1918-2021
- Passenger Airlines Operating Costs, United States, 2019
- Passenger and Cargo Share of Operating Revenues, Selected Airlines, 2013
- Selected Transcontinental DC-3 Routes, Late 1930s
- Shortest Air Route between London and Sydney, 1955 – 2025
- Stages in Air Network Development
- Strategies of Low-Cost Carriers
- The Development of Polar Air Routes
- The World’s Busiest Air Transport Routes, 2018
- The World’s Longest Nonstop Air Transport Routes, 2021
- Trends in Fuel Efficiency, Selected Passenger Jet Planes
- US Post Office Airmail Routes, 1921-26
- World Air Traffic Pattern over a 24 Hour Period
- World Air Travel and World Air Freight Carried, 1950-2020
- World’s 10 Largest Passengers and Freight Airlines, 2018
- 5.6 – Intermodal Transportation and Containerization
- 20-Foot Tank Containers
- Ad Hoc Intermodalism: Containers being Unloaded to a Barge
- Advantages and Challenges of Containerization
- Average Cost per TEU by Containership Capacity and By Route, 1997
- Carrying Capacity of Containers
- Common ISO Container Size and Type Codes
- Conditions and Outcomes of Intermodal Transport
- Container Freight Station, Shenzhen, China
- Container Identification System
- Container Recycled as a Bus Shelter, South Africa
- Container Shipping Costs and Cargo Value
- Container Transport Costs
- Container Usage during its Life-Span
- Containerization Growth Factors
- Containerized Cargo Flows along Major Trade Routes, 1995-2020
- Containerized Housing Units, Le Havre, France
- Domestic 53 Foot Containers Doublestacked
- Driving Forces of Containerization and Intermodalism
- Economies and Diseconomies of Scale in Container Shipping
- Geared Reefer Containership entering the Zeebrugge Harbor
- Hybrid Container Chassis
- Impacts of River / Sea Shipping on a Transport Chain
- Integrated Transport Systems
- Intermodal and Transmodal Connectivity
- Intermodal Cost Function
- Intermodal Transport Chain
- Intermodal Transportation as an Integrative Force
- Intermodalism, Multimodalism and Transmodalism
- Main Physical Characteristics of ISO Containers
- Major Steps in Intermodal Integration
- Moving a 40 Foot Container between the American East Coast and Western Europe
- Multimodal Transport System
- North American Containerized Trade with Asia, 1995-2020
- Number of Units and Weight of Consumption Goods Carried by a 20-Foot Container
- ONE Apus Cargo Loss, 2020
- Piggyback (TOFC) and Doublestack (COFC) Train Cars
- Remote Verification of Container Identification at a Port Terminal Gate
- Shifts in Containerized Maritime Transportation
- Stacked 40-Foot Empty Containers, Yantian, China
- Stacked Upper Deck of a Containership
- The Benefits of Containerization
- The Container as a Transport, Production, Distribution Unit
- The Four Revolutions of Containerization
- Value Per Ton of U.S. Freight Shipments by Transportation Mode, 1993-2007
- World Container Throughput, 1980-2021
- 5.1 – Transportation Modes, Modal Competition and Modal Shift
- Chapter 6 – Transportation Terminals
- 6.1 – The Function of Transport Terminals
- Added Value Functions Performed Around Freight Terminals
- Container Yard, Port of Le Havre
- Containerization and the Operational Characteristics of Transport Terminals
- Conventional Intermodal Terminal Equipment
- Freight Terminal Hierarchy and Added Value
- Integration between Port and Airport Terminals
- Inventory in Transit at Freight Terminals
- Main Characteristics of Freight Transport Terminals
- Modal and Temporal Separation at Freight Transport Terminals
- Physical Separation between Modes and Passengers / Cargo at Terminals
- Terminal Costs
- The Functions of Transport Terminals
- Types of Intermodal Terminals
- 6.2 – Transport Terminals and Hinterlands
- Centrality and Intermediacy
- Coastal, Landlocked and Relatively Landlocked Markets
- Elements of the Maritime / Land Interface
- Functional Integration of Freight Distribution Clusters
- Functions of Inland Terminals
- Hinterland Setting and Major Economic Regions
- Port Foreland and Hinterland
- Terminals as Clusters and Growth Poles
- The “Boxed In” Hinterland
- The Hinterland of a Transport Terminal
- The Space / Cost Dichotomy of Forelands and Hinterlands
- Types of Hinterland Connectivity
- 6.3 – Port Terminals
- Channel Depth at Major North American Container Ports
- Container Straddler, Port of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Container Terminals of the World’s Major Port Holdings, 2019
- Dredging Ship at the Port of Zeebrugge, Belgium
- Grain Elevator Complex, Port of Halifax
- Panamax Containership at the Port of Le Havre
- Port Elizabeth Intermodal Complex, Port of New York / New Jersey
- Port Regionalization
- Port Sites and Functions
- Portainer, APM Terminal, Port Newark
- Public and Private Roles in Port Management
- Range of Activities Performed by Ports
- Rubber-Tired Overhead Gantry Crane (RTG), Halterm Terminal, Halifax
- The Dimensions of Port Geography
- World’s Major Container Ports, 2020
- World’s Major Ports, 2016
- 6.4 – Rail Terminals
- Antwerp Centraal Train Station
- BNSF Logistics Park Terminal, Joliet, Illinois
- Centraal Train Station, Amsterdam
- Configuration of a Rail Intermodal Container Terminal
- CP Lachine Intermodal Rail Terminal, Montreal, Canada
- Grain Elevator Rail Terminal, Regina, Saskatchewan
- Intermodal Rail Rubber-tired Gantry Crane (Translift)
- Intermodal Rail Yards in the Chicago Metropolitan Area
- Major Rail Stations and Rail Lines in the Paris Metropolitan Area
- On Dock Intermodal Rail Facility, Port of Veracruz
- Ownership of North American Intermodal Rail Terminals
- Quai d’Orsay Museum, Paris, France
- Rail Bundling Strategies and Operational Time
- Road / Rail Transloading
- Roll On / Roll Off Rail Terminal, Port of Gothenburg
- Structuring Effects of Rail Terminals
- TGV Train at Gare de Lyon, Paris, France
- Triple Crown Intermodal Network
- Types of Rail Terminals
- 6.5 – Airport Terminals
- Air Cargo Traffic by Metropolitan Area, 2018
- Airbus A350-941
- Airport Components and Terminal Configurations
- Airport Hubbing Level
- Airport Location Factors
- Airport Passenger Traffic by Metropolitan Area, 2018
- Alternative Airports
- Amazon Air Hub at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
- Basic Airstrip, Corn Island, Nicaragua
- Blaise Diagne International Airport
- Corporate Headquarters and Metropolitan Population, United States
- Customs Pre-Clearance Airports for the United States
- Distance from CBD and Age of the World’s Largest Airports
- Distribution of Airports by Altitude
- Dun Huang Airfield, China
- Factors Impacting Airport Traffic
- Freight Traffic at the World’s Largest Airports, 2018
- Geographical Scales of Airport Location
- Hourly Level of Activity at Selected Airports, 2015
- Hubs of Major Air Freight Integrators
- Impacts of COVID-19 on Airport Passenger and Freight Activity, 2019-2020
- Jet Bridge, Warsaw Airport
- Key Aerotropolis Developments
- Main Hall of Humberto Delgado Airport, Lisbon
- Marrakech Menara Airport
- Modern Airport Terminal, Barajas, Madrid, Spain
- Mumbai Airport Takeoff Queue
- On-Time Flight Arrivals in the United States, 1995-2020
- Passenger and Freight Traffic at East and Southeast Asian Airports, 2018
- Passenger and Freight Traffic at European Airports, 2018
- Passenger and Freight Traffic at North American Airports, 2018
- Passenger Traffic at the World’s Largest Airports, 2018
- Phonsavan Airfield, Laos
- Recently Completed Airports by Cost
- Seattle Light Rail – SeaTac Airport Station
- Site of the Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok Terminal
- Vertical and Lateral Passenger Flows at an Airport Terminal
- World’s Largest Freight Airports
- World’s Largest Passenger Airports
- 6.1 – The Function of Transport Terminals
- Chapter 7 – Trade, Logistics and Freight Distribution
- 7.1 – Transborder and Crossborder Transportation
- Cross-Border North American Freight by Mode, 2021
- Economic Integration Levels, 2015
- Empty Trucks Crossing the Border between Hong Kong and Shenzhen
- Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)
- International Trade, Transportation Chains and Logistics
- Modal Shares of World Trade by Volume and Value, 2008
- Oil Transited at Major Strategic Locations, 2016
- The Effect of a Border on a Transportation Network
- The Effect of a Border on Freight Distribution
- The Trans-Asian Railway (Eurasian Landbridge)
- Types of Free Zones
- Types of International Boundaries
- 7.2 – Globalization and International Trade
- Absolute and Comparative Advantages
- Changes in Global Trade Flows
- Changes in the Global Trade Environment
- Changes in the Value World’s Merchandise Trade, Production and GDP, 1950-2021
- China’s Special Economic Zones
- Customs Fraud by Misclassification of Goods
- Economic Integration and Interdependencies
- Economic Rationale of Trade
- Favorable and Contentious Factors in International Trade
- Global Financial Centers, 2021
- Global Merchandise Exports and Container Throughput, 1980-2017
- Global Trade and Container Throughput (1970=100)
- Global Trade, 2017
- Impacts of Economic Integration Processes on Networks and Flows
- Levels of Economic Integration
- Major Global Trade Routes, 1400-1800
- Merchandise Exports by Trade Agreement, 2015
- Merchandise Exports per Region, 1948-2021
- Phases of the Export-Oriented Paradigm
- Regional Averages in Trading Across Borders, 2012
- Share of Product Groups in World Merchandise Trade, 1900-2020
- Share of World Goods Exports, Leading Exporters, 1950-2022
- Standard International Trade Classification (SITC)
- The “Four Ts” in International Trade
- The Flows of Globalization
- The Main Dimensions of Trade Facilitation
- The Rationale for Trade
- Trade Intensity by Ocean, 1980-2010
- Trade Within and Between Corporations
- US-China Tariffs, 2018-2022
- Value Creation and Capture, iPhone 4
- Value of Chinese Exports and FDI, 1983-2021
- World Merchandise Trade, 1960-2022
- World’s 20 Largest Corporations by Revenue, 2021
- World’s Largest Exporters and Importers, 2015-20
- World’s Most Traded Goods, Lead Exporter and Concentration, 2016
- Yuan Exchange Rate, 1981-2022
- 7.3 – Freight Transportation and Value Chains
- Benefits of Improved Freight Transportation on Value Chains
- Competitive Advantages of Multinational Corporations
- Disconnection of Global Production and Distribution
- Elements of an Economic System
- Fordist and a Post-Fordist Production System
- Global Production Networks
- Global Production Networks and Location Strategies
- Industrial Agglomeration and Transportation
- Key Information Technology Drivers in Freight Distribution
- Level of Embeddedness of Value Chains
- Maintaining Temperature Integrity along a Cold Chain
- Major Components to Price Reductions by the Chinese Manufacturing Sector, 2005
- Manufacturing Cost Structure
- Offshoring, Nearshoring and Farshoring
- Participation Level in Global Value Chains
- Producer and Buyer-driven Value Chains
- Product Life Cycle
- Rationale for Outsourcing
- Share of the World Commodity Consumption, China and United States, c2020
- Steel Wires in a Warehouse, Port of Halifax
- Supply Chain Analysis
- Supply Chains, Transport Chains and Added Value
- The Configuration of Value Chains
- The Corporation and its Expansion
- The Corporation as a Decision, Management and Planning Unit
- The Functional and Geographical Integration of Value Chains
- The Transition Towards Manufacturing Capabilities
- The Value Chain
- The Value Chain and its Added Value
- The Velocity of Freight
- Types of Corporations by Multinational Expansion Strategy
- Upgrading the Value Chain
- Value Chains and Freight Transport Systems
- 7.4 – Logistics and Freight Distribution
- Advantages of Logistic Zones
- Asynchrony and Distribution Centers
- Changes in the Logistical Orientation of Distribution Systems
- Collaborative Distribution Strategies
- Comparison Between Retail and E-commerce Cost Structures
- Conventional and Contemporary Arrangement of Freight Flows
- Cross-Docking Distribution Center
- Distribution and Related Logistics Activities
- E-Commerce Facilities Operated by Amazon in the United States, 2021
- Elements of Last Mile Logistics
- Elements of Supply Chain Connectivity and Integration
- Evolution of Retail Logistics
- Freight Distribution and Network Strategies
- From Push to Pull Logistics
- Fundamentals of the Physical Internet
- Global Logistics Costs by Function and Mode, 2018
- Global Supply Chain Pressure Index and Major Supply Chain Disruptions
- High Rack Storage at Skechers Automated Distribution Center, Moreno, California
- Key Drivers for Third and Fourth Party Logistics Providers
- Kroger Automated Distribution Center, Paramount, California
- Layers to Logistics Services
- Location and Design Criteria for Distribution Centers
- Logistical Activities Related to Containerization
- Logistical Improvements, Manufacturing Sector, 1960s to 2010s
- Logistics Costs and Economic Development
- Logistics Costs, United States, 1980-2021
- Logistics Facilities Supporting E-commerce
- Logistics Goals and Operations
- Logistics Performance Index, 2023
- Main Core Competencies of Third Party Logistics Providers
- Optimal Location and Throughput by Number of Freight Distribution Centers
- Proximity and Intermediacy for Distribution Clusters
- Purchasing Managers Index, 1990-2022
- Retail Logistics and E-commerce
- Services Offered by Third and Fourth Party Logistics Providers
- Taxonomy of Logistics Decisions
- The Bullwhip Effect on Supply Chains
- The Concept of Logistics
- The Evolution of Supply Chain Management
- The Impacts of E-commerce on Freight Distribution
- The Last Mile in Inland Freight Distribution
- The Logistics Virtuous and Vicious Cycles
- The Role of Distribution Centers and Warehouses
- The Supply Chain and its Cycles
- Total Logistics Costs Tradeoff
- Types of Freight Facilities
- UPS Chicago Area Consolidation Hub (CACH)
- Value-added Activities Performed at Logistic Zones
- Value-Added Functions and Differentiation of Supply Chains
- Warehouses and Distribution Centers
- 7.1 – Transborder and Crossborder Transportation
- Chapter 8 – Urban Transportation
- 8.1 – Transportation and the Urban Form
- Average Commuting Time (One Way), Selected Metropolitan Areas
- Cities and Connectivity
- Demographic Transition
- Density and Car Use in Selected Global Cities, 2000s
- Evolution of the Spatial Structure of a City
- Evolution of Transportation and Urban Form in North America and Europe
- Evolution of Urban Densities in North America and Europe
- Globalization and Urbanization
- Isochrone Map of Manchester, 1917
- Metropolitan Areas with more than 12 million Inhabitants, 2015
- One Hour Commuting According to Different Urban Transportation Modes
- Pedestrian, Cycling and Road Spaces, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Performance of Urban Transport Modes
- Perspectives about the Urban Spatial Structure: From Dichotomy to Continuum
- Population Density by Distance from City Center, Selected Cities
- Population Density of the World’s Largest Metropolitan Areas, 2012
- Possible Urban Mobility Patterns
- Scale and Urban Spatial Structure
- Service Attributes of Urban Transport Modes
- Share of Housing Units Equipped with Air Conditioning by Region in the United States, 1980-2020
- Street Network Orientation, Selected Cities
- Street Network Types
- Suburban Development along a Highway Interchange
- The Rationale of a Ring Road
- Transportation and the Urban Spatial Structure
- Transportation, Urban Form and Spatial Structure
- Types of Urban Spatial Structures
- Urban Population per Region, 1950-2030
- Urban Transport Development Paths
- World Urban Population, 1950-2015 with Projections to 2050
- World’s Largest Cities, 1850
- World’s Largest Cities, 2020
- 8.2 – Urban Land Use and Transportation
- Basic Land Economics
- Basic Urban Dynamics
- Cellular Automata Land Use Dynamics
- Contemporary Modifications to the Land Rent Theory
- Dynamics of Urban Change
- Formal and Functional Land Use
- Inference of Von Thunen’s Model to Continental United States
- Land Rent and Land Use
- Land Rent Theory and Rent Curve
- Land Use Footprint in Selected Central Areas
- Population Density Changes by Census Block, Chicago 2000-2010
- Relationships between Land Uses
- Sector and Nuclei Urban Land Use Representations
- The Burgess Urban Land Use Model
- The Hybrid Land Use Model: Transportation and the Formation of Urban Landscapes
- Transport Infrastructure and Activity Location
- Transportation / Land Use Relationships
- Transportation-Land Use Interactions
- Transportation, Activity Systems and Land Use
- Types of Land Use Zoning
- Types of Urban Expansion
- Von Thunen’s Regional Land Use Model
- 8.3 – Urban Mobility
- Accessibility along a Transit Line
- Average Annual Person Trips per Household by Trip Purpose, United States, 1983-2017
- BTS Skytrain, Bangkok
- Components of an Urban Transit System
- Daily Person Miles of Travel per Person by Age and Gender, 2017
- Income and Urban Transport Demand
- Light Rail Transit, Lyon, France
- Mobility Gaps in Urban Areas
- Modal Split, Journey to Work Trips, Selected Cities
- Number of Monthly Trips by for Hire Services, New York City
- Omnibus, London, Circa 1895
- Suitability of Travel Modes
- The Electric Streetcar, Lisbon, Portugal
- Transit and Urban Form
- Transit and Urban Land Use Impacts
- Transit Technology and Urban Development, Late 19th – Early 20th Century
- Trips by Public Transport in the United States, 1903-2019
- Typical Activity Space of an Urban Working Adult
- Typical Car and Truck Trips Distribution by Time of the Day
- Urban Travel by Purpose and by Time of the Day in a Typical City
- Weekly Distribution of Transit Scheduled Trips and Uber Pickups, Los Angeles
- Work-Related Mobility in a Motorized City
- World’s Main Subway Systems, c2020
- 8.4 – Urban Transport Challenges
- Automobile Dependency and Urban Spatial Structure
- Average Daily Commuting Time, Selected Countries, 2015 (in minutes)
- Average Hourly Traffic on George Washington Bridge, 2016
- Average Number of Hours of Delay per Auto Commuter per Year, Selected American Cities, 1982-2020
- Backward Propagation of a Traffic Jam
- Bicycle Pool, Paris, France
- Central Business District Monthly Parking Rate, 2011
- City Size and Travel Time Index, United States, 1982-2020
- Common Tools for Mitigating Urban Road Congestion
- Factors Contributing to the Growth of Driving
- Farebox Recovery Ratio, Selected Transit Systems
- GDP Per Capita and Congestion Index, Selected Cities
- Geographical Paradoxes behind Urban Transport Challenges
- Home-to-Work Commute Profile, United States, 1977-2017
- Home-to-Work Trips Modes, United States, 1985-2022
- Key Issues in Urban Freight Transportation
- Major Sources of Recurring and Non-Recurring Congestion
- Parking Accumulation by Land Use by Time of the Day
- Parking in a Public Park, Brussels
- Percentage of Households by Number of Vehicles, 1960-2020
- Recurring Congestion
- Spatial Structure Challenges of Urban Transit
- Traffic Index, Selected Metropolitan Areas
- Transit Fare for the New York City Subway, 1904-2015 (inflation adjusted)
- Travel Time Index per Year, Selected American Cities, 1982-2020
- Vicious Circle of Congestion
- 8.1 – Transportation and the Urban Form
- Chapter 9 – Transport Planning and Policy
- 9.1 – The Nature of Transport Policy
- Common Problems Linked with Government Intervention
- Main Transport Policy Instruments
- Rationale of Transport Privatization
- Shift in Public Transport Policy Perspective
- Some Legislations in the Deregulation of Transport in the United States and Canada
- The Jones Act and International Maritime Markets
- Transport Regulations
- 9.2 – Transport Planning and Governance
- 9.3 – Transport Safety and Security
- Closure of the North American Airspace, September 11, 2001
- Global Maritime Piracy, 1993-2020
- Main Sources of Cyberattacks
- Site of the 2015 Tianjin Port Explosions
- Thefts by Type of Cargo and Location, United States, 2016
- Thefts by Type of Cargo and Location, World, 2019
- Transport Security Dimensions
- Transport Security Measures
- Worldwide Attacks Inside an Aircraft by Type, 1970-2009
- 9.4 – Transportation, Disruptions and Resilience
- Global Mean Sea Level Change, 1880-2021
- Global Plate Tectonics and Seismic Activity
- Number of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones by Month (1851-2018)
- Percentage of Respondents Reporting Disruptions to Specific Incidents, 2021
- Probability of a Geomagnetic Storm with a Field Change Greater than 300 Nanoteslas per Minute (22-year cycle)
- Remotely Sensed Sea Level Change, 1992-2012
- Resilience of Transportation Systems
- Response Options to a Transport Disruption
- Risks in Global Supply Chains
- Transport Resilience Building Process
- Types of Supply Chain Risks and Their Resilience
- Types of Transportation Networks and Vulnerabilities
- 9.1 – The Nature of Transport Policy
- Appendix A – Methods in Transport Geography
- Glossary
- Latest Posts
- Media
- The Geography of Transport Systems