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Connecting a set of locations with a transport network is commonly a cost-benefit consideration; how much each option costs and what is the related benefit. This is the reason why an area may not be entirely serviced since the additional costs related to expanding a transport network may not justify

Transport networks reflect the political context, namely the capacity to trade. Economies with a high level of economic integration tend to have well-connected networks, while economies with a low level of economic integration tend to have poor connectivity. Before an economic integration process (such as a free trade agreement), networks

One of the consequences of a hub-and-spoke network structure is a potentially high level of detour depending upon the origin, destination, and their respective position in relation to the hub. The above hub-and-spoke network is subdivided into four equal quadrants (A, B, C, and D). The level of detour is

Point-to-point and hub-and-spoke networks are at opposite ends of the connectivity spectrum. A point-to-point network connects directly to a set of locations without interrupting services (e.g. pick up or drop off), even if the route may not be direct. A (pure) hub-and-spoke network connects every location through a single intermediary

Networks tend to have two significant spatial effects on flows, which are centrifugal and centripetal. These effects depend on the structure of the network and its relationship with the distribution of origins and destinations. Centrifugal networks have no specific centrality as no node is significantly more connected than the others.

The main structural components of transport networks are:

Source: Adapted from U. Blum and L. Dudley (2001) Report of the 109 round table on transport economics, Transport and Economic Development, European Conference of Transport Ministers. Transportation networks are designed to offer a level of service which is related to their structure. Conceptually, three basic network structures can be

Authors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Cesar Ducruet Transportation networks are a framework of routes linking locations. The structure of any region corresponds to networks of economic and social interactions. 1. Transport Networks Transportation systems are commonly represented using networks as an analogy for their structure and flows. Transport networks belong

Empty movements are among the most significant operational and commercial constraints in transportation, affecting both passengers and freight flows alike. They involve the repositioning of transport assets, which does not generate any income during the process, implying that this cost must be absorbed. For instance, about 20% of all containers

The provision of goods to final consumers takes two channels; retail-based, where consumers travel to stores to purchase goods, and distribution-based, where the goods are delivered to the consumers’ residences from distribution centers. Both have a footprint in terms of the amount of allocated space since stores and distribution centers