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Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics, table 3-23. Transportation is a significant source of employment, namely since the operation of vehicles, such as trucks or buses, is labor-intensive. In advanced economies, it employs between 3% and 8% of the total labor force. In the United States, transportation directly

In a simple manner, a supply chain is based on the delivery of parts to be assembled and then distributed to markets. Logistics can be seen as synchronizing this process so that deliveries of parts, assembly (manufacturing), and deliveries of goods are coordinated. Just-in-time is a concept at the convergence

Source: Adapted from: E. J., Gauthier H. L. and M. E. O’Kelly (1996) Geography of Transportation. The evolution of transport systems impacts regional economies in terms of their level of specialization. More connected regions tend to be more specialized, while less connected regions tend to have a lesser degree of

The expectation is that transport infrastructure investments will result in transport improvements in terms of capacity, efficiency, and reliability. The related lower transport costs, shorter transit times, and business expansion make economic activities more productive and competitive. Transport improvements can impact commodity and labor markets by making resources, parts, customers,

Source: some data from Living Planet Report, 2006 and Summary result of second Eurostat questionnaire on CFC on public infrastructure, DOC.CFC 15, Eurostat, 2003. The lifespan of a transport asset is the approximate number of years over which it is expected to perform under normal operating conditions while receiving regular

Source: adapted from Gartner Inc. Technology has the potential to disrupt markets, a fact underlined since the industrial revolution, when several key technologies created new markets and new economic opportunities. This is also the case for the transport sector. However, the impacts of technological innovation are usually not a linear

Source: Adapted from Notteboom, T., A. Pallis and J-P Rodrigue (2021) “Disruptions and Resilience in Global Container Shipping and Ports: The COVID-19 Pandemic vs the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis”, Maritime Economics and Logistics, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-020-00180-5 Recessions can have a severity ranging from light, where economic decline (e.g. GDP) may last a short

Source: De Monie, G. J-P Rodrigue and T. Notteboom (2010) “Economic Cycles in Maritime Shipping and Ports: The Path to the Crisis of 2008” in P.V. Hall, B. McCalla, C. Comtois and B. Slack (eds) Integrating Seaports and Trade Corridors. Surrey: Ashgate. Fractional reserve banking and central banks can have

Source: Adapted from Rodrigue, J-P, C. Comtois and B. Slack (1997) “Transportation and Spatial Cycles: Evidence from Maritime Systems”, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 87-98. Since transportation technology is widely standardized, cycles represent different scales of spatial change of a transport system. However, some transportation systems have