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# The Geography of Transport Systems

The spatial organization of transportation and mobility

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://transportgeography.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Latest Posts](https://transportgeography.org/posts/)
- [The Laredo Commercial Vehicle Border Crossing (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-laredo-commercial-vehicle-border-crossing-new-page/)
- [Transportation and its bottlenecks (new section)](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-its-bottlenecks-new-section/)
- [Landlocked countries (update)](https://transportgeography.org/landlocked-countries-update/)
- [E-Commerce Retail Sales as a Percent of Total Sales, United States](https://transportgeography.org/e-commerce-retail-sales-as-a-percent-of-total-sales-united-states/)
- [New section covering City Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/new-section-covering-city-logistics/)
- [Domains of Maritime Circulation (update)](https://transportgeography.org/domains-of-maritime-circulation-update/)
- [Logistics of Global Food Systems (update)](https://transportgeography.org/logistics-of-global-food-systems-update/)
- [Representations of the Effects of Distance](https://transportgeography.org/representations-of-the-effects-of-distance/)
- [Classic Great Circle Path: The Lindberg Transatlantic Flight of 1927](https://transportgeography.org/classic-great-circle-path-the-lindberg-transatlantic-flight-of-1927/)
- [Transportation and Pandemics (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-pandemics-updated/)
- [A cartographic history of containerization](https://transportgeography.org/a-cartographic-history-of-containerization/)
- [Chapter 8.3 (Urban Mobility) updated.](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-8-3-urban-mobility-updated/)
- [Chapter 9.1 (The nature of transport policy) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-9-1-the-nature-of-transport-policy-updated/)
- [Chapter 9.2 (Transport planning and governance) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-9-2-transport-planning-and-governance-updated/)
- [Chapter 9.3 (Transport safety and security) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-9-3-transport-safety-and-security-updated/)
- [Chapter 9.4 (Transportation, Disruptions and Resilience) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-9-4-transportation-disruptions-and-resilience-updated/)
- [Impact of Covid-19 on commuting patterns in the United States](https://transportgeography.org/impact-of-covid-19-on-commuting-patterns-in-the-united-states/)
- [Chapter 8.4 (Urban transport challenges) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-8-4-urban-transport-challenges-updated/)
- [Chapter 8.2 (Urban Land Use and Transportation) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-8-2-urban-land-use-and-transportation-updated/)
- [Chapter 8.1 (Transportation and urban form) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-8-1-transportation-and-urban-form-updated/)
- [Chapter 7.4 (Logistics and freight distribution) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-7-4-logistics-and-freight-distribution-updated/)
- [Chapter 7.3 (Freight transportation and value chains) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-7-3-freight-transportation-and-value-chains-updated/)
- [Chapter 7.2 (Globalization and international trade) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-7-2-globalization-and-international-trade-updated/)
- [Chapter 6.4 (Rail terminals) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-6-4-rail-terminals-updated/)
- [Chapter 6.3 (Port Terminals) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-6-3-port-terminals-updated/)
- [Chapter 6.2 (Terminals and hinterlands) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-6-2-terminals-and-hinterlands-updated/)
- [Chapter 6.1 (Function of transport terminals) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-6-1-function-of-transport-terminals-updated/)
- [Chapter 5.5 (Air transport) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-5-5-air-transport-updated/)
- [Chapter 5.6 (Intermodal transportation) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-5-6-intermodal-transportation-updated/)
- [Chapter 5.4 (Maritime transportation) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-5-4-maritime-transportation-updated/)
- [Chapter 5.3 (Rail transportation) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-5-3-rail-transportation-updated/)
- [Chapter 5.2 (Road transportation) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-5-2-road-transportation-updated/)
- [Chapter 5.1 (Transportation modes) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-5-1-transportation-modes-updated/)
- [Chapter 4.4 (Transportation, sustainability and decarbonization) update](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-4-4-transportation-sustainability-and-decarbonization-update/)
- [Chapter 4.3 (Environmental footprint of transportation) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-4-3-environmental-footprint-of-transportation-updated/)
- [The concept of inventory in transit at freight terminals](https://transportgeography.org/the-concept-of-inventory-in-transit-at-freight-terminals/)
- [Geography of Transport Systems (6th Edition - 2023)](https://transportgeography.org/geography-of-transport-systems-6th-edition-2023/)
- [Chapter 4.2 (Transportation and the environment) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-4-2-transportation-and-the-environment-updated/)
- [Environmental costs hierarchy](https://transportgeography.org/environmental-costs-hierarchy/)
- [Chapter 4.1 (Transportation and Energy) updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-4-1-transportation-and-energy-updated/)
- [Potential impacts of high energy prices on transportation](https://transportgeography.org/potential-impacts-of-high-energy-prices-on-transportation/)
- [Vehicle Miles Travelled and Oil Prices](https://transportgeography.org/vehicle-miles-travelled-and-oil-prices/)
- [Peak Oil: An Update](https://transportgeography.org/peak-oil-an-update/)
- [Conditions Affecting Transport Costs](https://transportgeography.org/conditions-affecting-transport-costs/)
- [Mail Carried by USPS and Parcel Deliveries in the United States](https://transportgeography.org/mail-carried-by-usps-and-parcel-deliveries-in-the-united-states/)
- [Air travel in the United States almost back to pre-pandemic levels](https://transportgeography.org/air-travel-in-the-united-states-almost-back-to-pre-pandemic-levels/)
- [A Fourth Oil Shock?](https://transportgeography.org/a-fourth-oil-shock/)
- [Generations of Containerships (update)](https://transportgeography.org/generations-of-containerships-update/)
- [Major Rail Stations and Rail Lines in the Paris Metropolitan Area](https://transportgeography.org/major-rail-stations-and-rail-lines-in-the-paris-metropolitan-area/)
- [Intermodal rail yards in the Chicago area (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/intermodal-rail-yards-in-the-chicago-area-new-page/)
- [World's 20 largest corporations (2021 update)](https://transportgeography.org/worlds-20-largest-corporations-2021-update/)
- [The Rationale for Trade (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-rationale-for-trade-update/)
- [Participation level in global value chains (new)](https://transportgeography.org/participation-level-in-global-value-chains-new/)
- [Cross-docking distribution center (update)](https://transportgeography.org/cross-docking-distribution-center-update/)
- [Types of freight facilities (update)](https://transportgeography.org/types-of-freight-facilities-update/)
- [Retail logistics and e-commerce (update)](https://transportgeography.org/retail-logistics-and-e-commerce-update-2/)
- [Types of manufacturing clusters (update)](https://transportgeography.org/types-of-manufacturing-clusters-update/)
- [Basic location factors (update)](https://transportgeography.org/basic-location-factors-update/)
- [The dawn of containerization (new)](https://transportgeography.org/the-dawn-of-containerization-new/)
- [Network connectivity options (new)](https://transportgeography.org/network-connectivity-options-new/)
- [Growth Poles Theory (update)](https://transportgeography.org/growth-poles-theory-update/)
- [Conditions and outcomes of intermodal transport](https://transportgeography.org/conditions-and-outcomes-of-intermodal-transport/)
- [Types of supply chain risks and their resilience](https://transportgeography.org/types-of-supply-chain-risks-and-their-resilience/)
- [Call for Papers: Aviation in the COVID19 Pandemic and Beyond](https://transportgeography.org/call-for-papers-aviation-in-the-covid19-pandemic-and-beyond/)
- [The most-traded goods, lead exporters and concentration levels](https://transportgeography.org/the-most-traded-goods-lead-exporters-and-concentration-levels/)
- [Annual Air Transportation Growth and Economic Growth, 1950-2020 (update)](https://transportgeography.org/annual-air-transportation-growth-and-economic-growth-1950-2020-update/)
- [Longest nonstop air routes (update)](https://transportgeography.org/longest-nonstop-air-routes-update/)
- [Share of World GPD, 1CE-2020 (update)](https://transportgeography.org/share-of-world-gpd-1ce-2020-update/)
- [Impacts of COVID-19 on Airport Activity, 2019-2020](https://transportgeography.org/impacts-of-covid-19-on-airport-activity-2019-2020/)
- [Airport Terminals section updated](https://transportgeography.org/airport-terminals-section-updated-2/)
- [Waves of Transport Development (update)](https://transportgeography.org/waves-of-transport-development-update/)
- [Peak globalization? World merchandise trade, 1960-2020](https://transportgeography.org/peak-globalization-world-merchandise-trade-1960-2020/)
- [World air traffic, passenger and freight (update)](https://transportgeography.org/world-air-traffic-passenger-and-freight-update/)
- [Parcel deliveries in the United States, 2004-2020 (update)](https://transportgeography.org/parcel-deliveries-in-the-united-states-2004-2020-update/)
- [Air transport section updated](https://transportgeography.org/air-transport-section-updated/)
- [PBS Interview for "Fighting off Famine"](https://transportgeography.org/pbs-interview-for-fighting-off-famine/)
- [Container shipping costs and cargo value (update)](https://transportgeography.org/container-shipping-costs-and-cargo-value-update/)
- [Range of activities performed by ports](https://transportgeography.org/range-of-activities-performed-by-ports/)
- [Transport Modes and Globalization](https://transportgeography.org/transport-modes-and-globalization/)
- [Types of transportation demand (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/types-of-transportation-demand-new-page/)
- [Detailed airport activity in Pacific Asia, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/detailed-airport-activity-in-pacific-asia-2018/)
- [Detailed airport activity in Europe, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/detailed-airport-activity-in-europe-2018/)
- [Detailed airport activity in North America, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/detailed-airport-activity-in-north-america-2018/)
- [World airport freight traffic (2018 update)](https://transportgeography.org/world-airport-freight-traffic-2018-update/)
- [World airport passenger traffic (2018 update)](https://transportgeography.org/world-airport-passenger-traffic-2018-update/)
- [Evolution of containerships (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/evolution-of-containerships-updated/)
- [Geographical impacts of the Suez and Panama canals (update)](https://transportgeography.org/geographical-impacts-of-the-suez-and-panama-canals-update/)
- [Parcel deliveries in the United States (update)](https://transportgeography.org/parcel-deliveries-in-the-united-states-update/)
- [Market area analysis (update)](https://transportgeography.org/market-area-analysis-update/)
- [Value chain drivers (update)](https://transportgeography.org/value-chain-drivers-update/)
- [Constraints in the Canadian Transport Infrastructure Grid](https://transportgeography.org/constraints-in-the-canadian-transport-infrastructure-grid/)
- [International trade, transportation chains and logistics (update)](https://transportgeography.org/international-trade-transportation-chains-and-logistics-update/)
- [Transportation and economic development (update)](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-economic-development-update/)
- [Diffusion cycle of containerization](https://transportgeography.org/diffusion-cycle-of-containerization/)
- [Port terminals section updated](https://transportgeography.org/port-terminals-section-updated-2/)
- [Amazon air cargo ambitions](https://transportgeography.org/amazon-air-cargo-ambitions/)
- [Freight modal options (update)](https://transportgeography.org/freight-modal-options-update/)
- [Passenger modal options (update)](https://transportgeography.org/passenger-modal-options-update/)
- [Steps in intermodal integration (update)](https://transportgeography.org/steps-in-intermodal-integration-update/)
- [Retail logistics and e-commerce (update)](https://transportgeography.org/retail-logistics-and-e-commerce-update/)
- [Asynchrony and distribution centers (update)](https://transportgeography.org/asynchrony-and-distribution-centers-update/)
- [Warehouses and distribution centers (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/warehouses-and-distribution-centers-new-page/)
- [Cold chain technology (update)](https://transportgeography.org/cold-chain-technology-update/)
- [From Push to Pull Logistics (update)](https://transportgeography.org/from-push-to-pull-logistics-update/)
- [The logistical activities of containerization (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-logistical-activities-of-containerization-new-page/)
- [Integrated transport systems (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/integrated-transport-systems-new-page/)
- [Intermodal and transmodal connectivity (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/intermodal-and-transmodal-connectivity-new-page/)
- [World vehicle use indicators (update)](https://transportgeography.org/world-vehicle-use-indicators-update/)
- [The geography of maritime ranges (New paper)](https://transportgeography.org/the-geography-of-maritime-ranges-new-paper/)
- [Factors impacting airport traffic (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/factors-impacting-airport-traffic-new-page/)
- [Average CO2 emissions by passenger and freight mode (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/average-co2-emissions-by-passenger-and-freight-mode-new-page/)
- [Global oil production and consumption](https://transportgeography.org/global-oil-production-and-consumption/)
- [Minor reorganization of the material](https://transportgeography.org/minor-reorganization-of-the-material/)
- [The configuration of value chains (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-configuration-of-value-chains-new-page/)
- [Planning the future of transportation (CBC Radio Interview)](https://transportgeography.org/planning-the-future-of-transportation-cbc-radio-interview/)
- [Cosmetic improvements to the web site](https://transportgeography.org/cosmetic-improvements-to-the-web-site/)
- [Dimensions of trade facilitation (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/dimensions-of-trade-facilitation-new-page/)
- [The rationale for trade (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-rationale-for-trade-new-page/)
- [Bottlenecks to logistics policy (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/bottlenecks-to-logistics-policy-new-page/)
- [Competitive advantages of multinational corporations](https://transportgeography.org/competitive-advantages-of-multinational-corporations/)
- [Freight transportation and value chains (update)](https://transportgeography.org/freight-transportation-and-value-chains-update/)
- [Global production networks and location strategies (update)](https://transportgeography.org/global-production-networks-and-location-strategies-update/)
- [The functional and geographical integration of value chains (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-functional-and-geographical-integration-of-value-chains-update/)
- [The embeddedness of value chains (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-embeddedness-of-value-chains-update/)
- [Supply chain analysis (update)](https://transportgeography.org/supply-chain-analysis-update/)
- [Value chains and freight transport systems (update)](https://transportgeography.org/value-chains-and-freight-transport-systems-update/)
- [Product life cycle (update)](https://transportgeography.org/product-life-cycle-update/)
- [Update of PowerPoint Slides](https://transportgeography.org/update-of-powerpoint-slide/)
- [Commodity chains and added value (update)](https://transportgeography.org/commodity-chains-and-added-value-update/)
- [The expansion strategies of multinationals (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-expansion-strategies-of-multinationals-new-page/)
- [The last-mile in inland freight distribution (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-last-mile-in-inland-freight-distribution-update/)
- [The concepts of offshoring, nearshoring and farshoring](https://transportgeography.org/the-concepts-of-offshoring-nearshoring-and-farshoring/)
- [Expansion strategies for corporations (update)](https://transportgeography.org/expansion-strategies-for-corporations-update/)
- [The core principles of transport geography (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-core-principles-of-transport-geography-update/)
- [The distribution network of Amazon and the footprint of freight digitalization (new paper)](https://transportgeography.org/the-distribution-network-of-amazon-and-the-footprint-of-freight-digitalization-new-paper/)
- [World merchandise trade (2019 update)](https://transportgeography.org/world-merchandise-trade-2019-update/)
- [Editorial overhaul completed](https://transportgeography.org/editorial-overhaul-completed/)
- [Main Technological Advances in Transportation and Telecommunication (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/main-technological-advances-in-transportation-and-telecommunication-new-page/)
- [Evolution of transport technology since 1800 (update)](https://transportgeography.org/evolution-of-transport-technology-since-1800-update/)
- [The decarbonization of transportation (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-decarbonization-of-transportation-new-page/)
- [Transportation, sustainability and decarbonization (update)](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-sustainability-and-decarbonization-update/)
- [Decarbonising Transport in an Unprecedented Global Crisis](https://transportgeography.org/decarbonising-transport-in-an-unprecedented-global-crisis/)
- [Historical urban location factors (update)](https://transportgeography.org/historical-urban-location-factors-update/)
- [The development of the global economy (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-development-of-the-global-economy-update/)
- [The genesis of globalization (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-genesis-of-globalization-update/)
- [Urban Transport Challenges section updated](https://transportgeography.org/urban-transport-challenges-section-updated-2/)
- [Urban Mobility section updated](https://transportgeography.org/urban-mobility-section-updated-2/)
- [Urban Land Use and Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/urban-land-use-and-transportation/)
- [Land rent theory and rent curves (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/land-rent-theory-and-rent-curves-updated/)
- [Relationships between land use (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/relationships-between-land-use-updated/)
- [Transportation and the Urban Form section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-the-urban-form-section-updated-2/)
- [Transportation and the urban spatial structure (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-the-urban-spatial-structure-updated/)
- [Performance of urban transport modes (update)](https://transportgeography.org/performance-of-urban-transport-modes-update/)
- [How recessions impact consumption and production](https://transportgeography.org/how-recessions-impact-consumption-and-production/)
- [Urban transport development paths (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/urban-transport-development-paths-updated/)
- [5th Edition now available](https://transportgeography.org/5th-edition-now-available/)
- [Conceptual spatial structure of commuting (update)](https://transportgeography.org/conceptual-spatial-structure-of-commuting-update/)
- [The Substitution and Generation Effects of Information Technologies on Mobility (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-substitution-and-generation-effects-of-information-technologies-on-mobility-new-page/)
- [The continuum of the urban spatial structure (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/the-continuum-of-the-urban-spatial-structure-updated/)
- [The major waves of the COVID-19 pandemic](https://transportgeography.org/the-major-waves-of-the-covid-19-pandemic/)
- [The fourth industrial revolution (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-update/)
- [Traffic Index for several global metropolitan areas (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/traffic-index-for-several-global-metropolitan-areas-new-page/)
- [Maritime Transportation section updated](https://transportgeography.org/maritime-transportation-section-updated/)
- [Inter-Range Shipping Services (update)](https://transportgeography.org/inter-range-shipping-services-update/)
- [Port of Los Angeles Monthly Traffic (April 2020 update)](https://transportgeography.org/port-of-los-angeles-monthly-traffic-april-2020-update/)
- [Geography of Transport Systems 5E, May 29 Release Date](https://transportgeography.org/geography-of-transport-systems-5e-may-29-release-date/)
- [The concept of maritime deviation (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-concept-of-maritime-deviation-update/)
- [Types of maritime routes (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/types-of-maritime-routes-updated/)
- [Intermodal Transportation and Containerization (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/intermodal-transportation-and-containerization-updated/)
- [Advantages and drawbacks of containerization (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/advantages-and-drawbacks-of-containerization-updated/)
- [Container Identification System (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/container-identification-system-updated/)
- [Resilience in transportation and supply chains](https://transportgeography.org/resilience-in-transportation-and-supply-chains/)
- [Intermodal transport chain (update)](https://transportgeography.org/intermodal-transport-chain-update/)
- [Containerization growth factors](https://transportgeography.org/containerization-growth-factors/)
- [Typology of freight facilities (update)](https://transportgeography.org/typology-of-freight-facilities-update/)
- [Distribution and related logistics activities](https://transportgeography.org/distribution-and-related-logistics-activities/)
- [Global logistics costs (update)](https://transportgeography.org/global-logistics-costs-update/)
- [The Supply Chain and its Cycles (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/the-supply-chain-and-its-cycles-updated/)
- [Traffic Handled by the Port of Los Angeles](https://transportgeography.org/traffic-handled-by-the-port-of-los-angeles/)
- [West Texas Intermediate Oil Prices](https://transportgeography.org/west-texas-intermediate-oil-prices/)
- [Pandemics, hoarding behavior and supply chains (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/pandemics-hoarding-behavior-and-supply-chains-new-page/)
- [Factors behind the Global Spread of Diseases (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/factors-behind-the-global-spread-of-diseases-new-page/)
- [Impacts of Pandemics on Supply Chains (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/impacts-of-pandemics-on-supply-chains-new-page/)
- [The Inland Logistics of Amazon: New PTI Piece](https://transportgeography.org/the-inland-logistics-of-amazon-new-pti-piece/)
- [One of the firsts transcontinental routes, 1930s](https://transportgeography.org/one-of-the-firsts-transcontinental-routes-1930s/)
- [Pandemics and Logistics Strongholds](https://transportgeography.org/pandemics-and-logistics-strongholds/)
- [Diffusion phases of a flu-like pandemic](https://transportgeography.org/diffusion-phases-of-a-flu-like-pandemic/)
- [Review of Maritime Transport 2019](https://transportgeography.org/review-of-maritime-transport-2019/)
- [Unraveling the Secret Origins of an AmazonBasics Battery](https://transportgeography.org/unraveling-the-secret-origins-of-an-amazonbasics-battery/)
- [Graph Theory (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/graph-theory-updated/)
- [Transport Technical and Economic Performance Indicators (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/transport-technical-and-economic-performance-indicators-updated/)
- [The Gini Coefficient (Updated)](https://transportgeography.org/the-gini-coefficient-updated/)
- [Spatial Interactions (Updated)](https://transportgeography.org/spatial-interactions-updated/)
- [Draft of the 5th Edition Completed](https://transportgeography.org/draft-of-the-5th-edition-completed/)
- [Route Selection Process (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/route-selection-process-new-page/)
- [Land Covered by Permafrost (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/land-covered-by-permafrost-new-page/)
- [Talking Freight Seminar (Free Registration)](https://transportgeography.org/talking-freight-seminar-free-registration/)
- [Arctic shipping unlikely to be viable for apparel](https://transportgeography.org/arctic-shipping-unlikely-to-be-viable-for-apparel/)
- [Book cover for the 5th edition available](https://transportgeography.org/book-cover-for-the-5th-edition-available/)
- [Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition)](https://transportgeography.org/geography-of-transport-systems-5th-edition/)
- [Strategic Passages section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/strategic-passages-section-migrated/)
- [Dry Ports Section Migrated](https://transportgeography.org/dry-ports-section-migrated/)
- [5th Edition release date set to April 2020](https://transportgeography.org/5th-edition-release-date-set-to-april-2020/)
- [Atlantic Tropical Cyclones by Month (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/atlantic-tropical-cycles-by-month-new-page/)
- [A primer about transportation and flu pandemics](https://transportgeography.org/a-primer-about-transportation-and-flu-pandemics/)
- [Reproduction Number (R0) of Major Infectious Diseases (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/reproduction-number-r0-of-major-infectious-diseases-new-page/)
- [Key ICT drivers for freight distribution (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/key-ict-drivers-for-freight-distribution-new-page/)
- [Urban Deliveries (Quoted in NY Times)](https://transportgeography.org/urban-deliveries-quoted-in-ny-times/)
- [Port Terminal Automation (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/port-terminal-automation-new-page/)
- [Transport cost intensity and haul distance (update)](https://transportgeography.org/transport-cost-intensity-and-haul-distance-update/)
- [GIS for Transportation (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/gis-for-transportation-updated/)
- [Reefer Slots per Container Port (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/reefer-slots-per-container-port-new-page/)
- [Methods in Transport Geography (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/methods-in-transport-geography-updated/)
- [Transportation and Disasters (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-disasters-updated/)
- [Geomagnetic Storms: An underestimated and potentially high impact disruption](https://transportgeography.org/geomagnetic-storms-an-underestimated-and-potentially-high-impact-disruption/)
- [Transport Safety and Security (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/transport-safety-and-security-updated/)
- [Number of Monthly Trips by for Hire Services in NYC (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/number-of-monthly-trips-by-for-hire-services-in-nyc-new-page/)
- [Transport Planning and Governance section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-planning-and-governance-section-updated/)
- [The Nature of Transport Policy section updated](https://transportgeography.org/the-nature-of-transport-policy-section-updated/)
- [World's Largest Urban Regions page updated](https://transportgeography.org/worlds-larges-urban-regions-page-updated/)
- [Urban Transport Challenges section updated](https://transportgeography.org/urban-transport-challenges-section-updated/)
- [Urban Mobility section updated](https://transportgeography.org/urban-mobility-section-updated/)
- [Urban Land Use and Transportation section updated](https://transportgeography.org/urban-land-use-and-transportation-section-updated/)
- [Transportation and the Urban Form section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-the-urban-form-section-updated/)
- [Logistics and Freight Distribution section updated](https://transportgeography.org/logistics-and-freight-distribution-section-updated/)
- [Globalization and International Trade section updated](https://transportgeography.org/globalization-and-international-trade-section-updated/)
- [Transborder and Crossborder Transportation section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transborder-and-crossborder-transportation-section-updated/)
- [Airport Terminals section updated](https://transportgeography.org/airport-terminals-section-updated/)
- [Port Terminals section updated](https://transportgeography.org/port-terminals-section-updated/)
- [Rail Terminals section updated](https://transportgeography.org/rail-terminals-section-updated/)
- [Transport Terminals and Hinterlands section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-terminals-and-hinterlands-section-updated/)
- [The Function of Transport Terminals section updated](https://transportgeography.org/the-function-of-transport-terminals-section-updated/)
- [Transportation Modes chapter updated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-modes-section-updated-2/)
- [Busiest Air Transport Routes (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/busiest-air-transport-routes-updated/)
- [Rail Transportation and Pipelines section updated](https://transportgeography.org/rail-transportation-and-pipelines-section-updated/)
- [Road Transportation section updated](https://transportgeography.org/road-transportation-section-updated/)
- [Transportation Modes section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-modes-section-updated/)
- [Transport and Sustainability section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-and-sustainability-section-updated/)
- [The Environmental Footprint of Transportation section updated](https://transportgeography.org/the-environmental-footprint-of-transportation-section-updated/)
- [Transport and the Environment section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-and-the-environment-section-updated/)
- [Transportation and Energy section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-energy-section-updated/)
- [The Provision and Demand of Transportation Services section updated](https://transportgeography.org/the-provision-and-demand-of-transportation-services-section-updated/)
- [Transport Costs section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-costs-section-updated/)
- [Transportation and Society section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-society-section-updated/)
- [Transport and Economic Development page updated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-and-economic-development-page-updated/)
- [Information Technologies and Mobility section updated](https://transportgeography.org/information-technologies-and-mobility-section-updated/)
- [Transport and Location section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-and-location-section-updated/)
- [Transport and Spatial Organization section updated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-and-spatial-organization-section-updated/)
- [Special issue of 'Revue Urbanisme' about urban freight](https://transportgeography.org/special-issue-of-revue-urbanisme-about-urban-freight/)
- [Geography of Transportation Networks updated](https://transportgeography.org/geography-of-transportation-networks-updated/)
- [Hubs of Major Air Freight Integrators (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/hubs-of-major-air-freight-integrators-new-page/)
- [Section about airport terminals updated](https://transportgeography.org/section-about-airport-terminals-updated/)
- [Chapter 1 updated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-1-updated/)
- [Section about air transport completely updated](https://transportgeography.org/section-about-air-transport-completely-updated/)
- [Transportation as a Derived Demand (Update)](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-as-a-derived-demand-update/)
- [Crownless Pineapples in Cold Chain Inspection Room (New)](https://transportgeography.org/crownless-pineapples-in-cold-chain-inspection-room-new/)
- [Palletized Bananas at a Cold Chain Warehouse (New)](https://transportgeography.org/palletized-bananas-at-at-cold-chain-warehouse-new/)
- [Reefer power outlet (New)](https://transportgeography.org/reefer-power-outlet-new/)
- [Wheeled Reefer Storage (New)](https://transportgeography.org/wheeled-reefer-storage-new/)
- [Changes in the Duration of Selected Scheduled Flights, 1996-2019](https://transportgeography.org/changes-in-the-duration-of-selected-scheduled-flights-1996-2019/)
- [Average Fares for JFK-LAX Route (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/average-fares-for-jfk-lax-route-new-page/)
- [Declining food prices relative to hourly wages (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/declining-food-prices-relative-to-hourly-wages-new-page/)
- [NYC Maritime Hackathon 2019: Connecting Big Data and Maritime](https://transportgeography.org/nyc-maritime-hackathon-2019-connecting-big-data-and-maritime/)
- [Port Automation: A Paradox for the Shipping Industry](https://transportgeography.org/port-automation-a-paradox-for-the-shipping-industry/)
- [Containerized cargo flows along trade routes (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/containerized-cargo-flows-along-trade-routes-updated/)
- [Tonnage and Number of Transits through the Panama Canal (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/tonnage-and-number-of-transits-through-the-panama-canal-new-page/)
- [The logistics of global food systems (new section)](https://transportgeography.org/the-logistics-of-global-food-systems-new-section/)
- [Estimated famine deaths since the 1860s (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/estimated-famine-deaths-since-the-1860s-new-page/)
- [Complex systems and transportation (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/complex-systems-and-transportation-new-page/)
- [Vulnerability of transportation networks (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/vulnerability-of-transportation-networks-new-page/)
- [Pedestrian Fatalities, United States (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/pedestrian-fatalities-united-states-new-page/)
- [Commuting profile, United States (update)](https://transportgeography.org/commuting-profile-united-states-update/)
- [World air transport traffic volumes (update)](https://transportgeography.org/world-air-transport-traffic-volumes-update/)
- [Air transport fatalities (update)](https://transportgeography.org/air-transport-fatalities-update/)
- [Most Suitable Cereal (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/most-suitable-cereal-new-page/)
- [Length of Growing Period (LGP)](https://transportgeography.org/length-of-growing-period-lgp/)
- [2019 Edward L. Ullman Award](https://transportgeography.org/2019-edward-l-ullman-award/)
- [Ports in the global manufacturing landscape (Port Technology International)](https://transportgeography.org/ports-in-the-global-manufacturing-landscape-port-technology-international/)
- [The Silk Road and Arab Sea Routes (update)](https://transportgeography.org/the-silk-road-and-arab-sea-routes-update/)
- [The Agri-Food Supply Chain (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-agri-food-supply-chain-new-page/)
- [The Food System (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-food-system-new-page/)
- [Commodity Chain Analysis (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/commodity-chain-analysis-new-page/)
- [The collapsible container’s superior economics (JOC)](https://transportgeography.org/the-collapsible-containers-superior-economics-joc/)
- [Logistics facilities supporting e-commerce (update)](https://transportgeography.org/logistics-facilities-supporting-e-commerce-update/)
- [Map: E-Commerce Facilities Operated by Amazon in the United States](https://transportgeography.org/map-e-commerce-facilities-operated-by-amazon-in-the-united-states/)
- [Functional Types of Port Centric Logistics (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/functional-types-of-port-centric-logistics-new-page/)
- [Port Centric Logistics: From Dissociation to Reinsertion (New Page)](https://transportgeography.org/port-centric-logistics-from-dissociation-to-reinsertion-new-page/)
- [Containeriship Transiting Through the Agua Clara Locks, Panama (New Page)](https://transportgeography.org/containeriship-transiting-through-the-agua-clara-locks-panama-new-page/)
- [Corporate Adaptation to Transport Innovations: American Express and Wells Fargo (New Page)](https://transportgeography.org/corporate-adaptation-to-transport-innovations-american-express-and-wells-fargo-new-page/)
- [Restructuring of the contents of the Geography of Transport Systems](https://transportgeography.org/restructuring-of-the-contents-of-the-geography-of-transport-systems/)
- [The growth factors of containerization](https://transportgeography.org/the-growth-factors-of-containerization/)
- [Ports and the emerging manufacturing landscape](https://transportgeography.org/ports-and-the-emerging-manufacturing-landscape/)
- [E-Commerce facilities operated by Amazon in the United States (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/e-commerce-facilities-operated-by-amazon-in-the-united-states-new-page/)
- [New York Times Interview - Large Airports in China](https://transportgeography.org/new-york-times-interview-large-airports-in-china/)
- [TOC Panama conference summary - The challenges of digitalization](https://transportgeography.org/toc-panama-conference-summary-the-challenges-of-digitalization/)
- [TEU to GDP Multiplier (update)](https://transportgeography.org/teu-to-gdp-multiplier-update/)
- [Short Sea Shipping Network and Finance Model for the Caribbean](https://transportgeography.org/short-sea-shipping-network-and-finance-model-for-the-caribbean/)
- [World's major container ports, 2015 (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/worlds-major-container-ports-2015-updated/)
- [Ports and Economic Location Factors (New Page)](https://transportgeography.org/ports-and-economic-location-factors-new-page/)
- [Efficiency and Sustainability in Multimodal Supply Chains](https://transportgeography.org/efficiency-and-sustainability-in-multimodal-supply-chains/)
- [Inventory of automated container terminals (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/inventory-of-automated-container-terminals-new-page/)
- [UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2018](https://transportgeography.org/unctad-review-of-maritime-transport-2018/)
- [Forms of Digitalization in Freight Transportation (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/forms-of-digitalization-in-freight-transportation-new-page/)
- [Caribbean Shipping Association Conference, Panama, October 10](https://transportgeography.org/caribbean-shipping-association-conference-panama/)
- [Terminal Operators Conference Panama 13-15 November](https://transportgeography.org/terminal-operators-conference-panama-13-15-november/)
- [The Digitalization of Trade and Logistics (Port Technology International)](https://transportgeography.org/the-digitalization-of-trade-and-logistics-port-technology-internation/)
- [Cycles of innovation (updated)](https://transportgeography.org/cycles-of-innovation-updated/)
- [Main types of blockchain uses (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/main-types-of-blockchain-uses/)
- [Evolution of transport technology since the 18th century (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/evolution-of-transport-technology-since-the-18th-century-new-page/)
- [Probability of automation by occupation group (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/probability-of-automation-by-occupation-group-new-page/)
- [Transport security dimensions and measures (New pages)](https://transportgeography.org/transport-security-dimensions-and-measures-new-pages/)
- [Global media systems (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/global-media-systems-new-page/)
- [The flows of globalization (New Page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-flows-of-globalization-new-page/)
- [Canadian and American East Coast Port Competition (Televised interview)](https://transportgeography.org/canadian-and-american-east-coast-port-competition-televised-interview/)
- [TOC Americas Conference, Panama, 13-15 November 2018](https://transportgeography.org/toc-americas-conference-panama-13-15-november-2018/)
- [Transportation and Blockchains (New page)](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-blockchains-new-page/)
- [Factors behind the Development of Transport Systems](https://transportgeography.org/factors-behind-the-development-of-transport-systems/)
- [Let private firms shoulder port expansion risks: study](https://transportgeography.org/let-private-firms-shoulder-port-expansion-risks-study/)
- [Proceedings of the Shipping Federation of Canada conference](https://transportgeography.org/proceedings-of-the-shipping-federation-of-canada-conference/)
- [The relevance of logistics (new page)](https://transportgeography.org/the-relevance-of-logistics-new-page/)
- [The Pressure for Scale: A New Dynamic for Canadian East Coast Container Ports?](https://transportgeography.org/the-pressure-for-scale-a-new-dynamic-for-canadian-east-coast-container-ports/)
- [Blockchains for Logistics: From Hype to Relevance?](https://transportgeography.org/blockchains-for-logistics-from-hype-to-relevance/)
- [Added a new page: Logistics facilities supporting e-commerce](https://transportgeography.org/added-a-new-page-logistics-facilities-supporting-e-commerce/)
- [Added a new page: The resilience of transportation systems](https://transportgeography.org/added-a-new-page-the-resilience-of-transportation-systems/)
- [Question #4: Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance (GICA)](https://transportgeography.org/question-4-global-infrastructure-connectivity-alliance-gica/)
- [Question #3: Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance (GICA)](https://transportgeography.org/question-3-global-infrastructure-connectivity-alliance-gica/)
- [Question #2: Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance (GICA)](https://transportgeography.org/question-2-global-infrastructure-connectivity-alliance-gica/)
- [The Relevance of Connectivity (GICA answer)](https://transportgeography.org/the-relevance-of-connectivity-gica-answer/)
- [New page: Mobility as a service (digitalization of mobility)](https://transportgeography.org/new-page-mobility-as-a-service-digitalization-of-mobility/)
- [Connectivity Pattern of the World’s Major Maritime Bottlenecks](https://transportgeography.org/connectivity-pattern-of-the-worlds-major-maritime-bottlenecks/)
- [The curb as a contested space in city logistics](https://transportgeography.org/the-curb-as-a-contested-space-in-city-logistics/)
- [New page added (Forms of Transport Automation)](https://transportgeography.org/new-page-added-forms-of-transport-automation/)
- [The Freight Landscape of City Logistics (seminar)](https://transportgeography.org/10699/)
- [Information Technologies and Mobility section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/information-technologies-and-mobility/)
- [Modified an existing page: Container terminal configurations](https://transportgeography.org/modified-an-existing-page-container-terminal-configurations/)
- [Added a new page: The weekly mobility pattern of public transit and ride sharing services](https://transportgeography.org/added-a-new-page-the-weekly-mobility-pattern-of-public-transit-and-ride-sharing-services/)
- [Added a new page: The specialization index and the location coefficient](https://transportgeography.org/added-a-new-page-the-specialization-index-and-the-location-coefficient/)
- [Added a new page: Climate Change and its Impacts on Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/added-a-new-page-climate-change-and-its-impacts-on-transportation/)
- [International Tourism and Transport section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/international-tourism-and-transport-section-migrated/)
- [Complete redirect to new site now active](https://transportgeography.org/complete-redirect-to-new-site-now-active/)
- [Port Authority of New York and New Jersey section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/port-authority-of-new-york-and-new-jersey-section-migrated/)
- [The Repositioning of Empty Containers section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/the-repositioning-of-empty-containers-section-migrated/)
- [Economic Impacts of Port Investments section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/economic-impacts-of-port-investments-section-migrated/)
- [Climate Change and Transportation section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/climate-change-and-transportation-section-migrated/)
- [Market Area Analysis section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/market-area-analysis-section-migrated/)
- [Gini Coefficient section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/gini-coefficient-section-migrated/)
- [The St. Lawrence Seaway section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/the-st-lawrence-seaway-section-migrated/)
- [Port Technology Container Terminal Automation Conference](https://transportgeography.org/port-technology-container-terminal-automation-conference/)
- [Competition between the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach section migrated (with guest author Dr. Geraldine Knatz)](https://transportgeography.org/competition-between-the-ports-of-los-angeles-and-long-beach-section-migrated-with-guest-author-dr-geraldine-knatz/)
- [Transportation Environmental Management section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-environmental-management-section-migrated/)
- [Added a new page: The Circular Economy and Supply Chains](https://transportgeography.org/added-a-new-page-the-circular-economy-and-supply-chains/)
- [Free PDF of the first edition of the Geography of Transport Systems available](https://transportgeography.org/free-pdf-of-the-first-edition-of-the-geography-of-transport-systems-available/)
- [Transportation and Pandemics section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-pandemics-section-migrated/)
- [The Financing of Transportation Infrastructure section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/the-financing-of-transportation-infrastructure-section-migrated/)
- [Added a new page: Major steps in intermodal integration](https://transportgeography.org/added-a-new-page-major-steps-in-intermodal-integration/)
- [Section about Spatial Interactions and the Gravity Model migrated](https://transportgeography.org/section-about-spatial-interactions-and-the-gravity-model-migrated/)
- [New topic about blockchains and intermodal transportation](https://transportgeography.org/new-topic-about-blockchains-and-intermodal-transportation/)
- [Port of Savannah Logistics Cluster section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/port-of-savannah-logistics-cluster-section-migrated/)
- [The Containerization of Commodities section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/the-containerization-of-commodities-section-migrated/)
- [Media section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/media-section-migrated/)
- [Logistics Zones section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/logistics-zones-section-migrated/)
- [Inland Ports section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/inland-ports-section-migrated/)
- [Supply Chains and Blockchains topic added](https://transportgeography.org/supply-chains-and-blockchains-topic-added/)
- [Transportation and Mega-Urban Regions section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-mega-urban-regions-section-migrated/)
- [Gateways and Transport Corridors in North America section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/gateways-and-transport-corridors-in-north-america-section-migrated/)
- [Network Data Models section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/network-data-models-section-migrated/)
- [Mega Airport Projects section migrated.](https://transportgeography.org/mega-airport-projects-section-migrated/)
- [High Speed Rail section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/high-speed-rail-section-migrated/)
- [Cruise Industry section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/cruise-industry-section-migrated/)
- [Symbolization of Transport Features section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/symbolization-of-transport-features-section-migrated/)
- [Transportation and Accessibility section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-accessibility-section-migrated/)
- [Added a new page: Hourly level of activity at selected airports](https://transportgeography.org/added-a-new-page-hourly-level-of-activity-at-selected-airports/)
- [International Oil Transportation section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/international-oil-transportation-section-migrated/)
- [The Cold Chain and its Logistics section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/the-cold-chain-and-its-logistics-section-migrated/)
- [Green Logistics section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/green-logistics-section-migrated/)
- [Concluding chapter (Issues and Challenges in Transport Geography) migrated](https://transportgeography.org/concluding-chapter-issues-and-challenges-in-transport-geography-migrated/)
- [Chapter 9 (Transport Planning and Policy) migrated](https://transportgeography.org/chapter-9-transport-planning-and-policy-migrated/)
- [Transport and Sustainability section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-and-sustainability-section-migrated/)
- [Transportation, Land Use and the Environment section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-land-use-and-the-environment-section-migrated/)
- [Graph Theory methodological section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/graph-theory-methodological-section-migrated/)
- [Transportation and Energy section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-energy-section-migrated/)
- [The Environmental Impacts of Transportation section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/the-environmental-impacts-of-transportation-section-migrated/)
- [Transport Supply and Demand section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-supply-and-demand-section-migrated/)
- [Transportation and Society section migration completed](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-society-migration-completed/)
- [Transport Costs section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-costs-section-migrated/)
- [Transportation and Economic Development section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-economic-development-section-migrated/)
- [Urban Transport Challenges section migrated.](https://transportgeography.org/urban-transport-challenges-section-migrated/)
- [Urban Mobility section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/urban-mobility-section-migrated/)
- [Urban Land Use and Transportation section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/urban-land-use-and-transportation-section-migrated/)
- [Transportation and Urban Form section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transportation-and-urban-form-section-migrated/)
- [Logistics and Freight Distribution section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/logistics-and-freight-distribution-section-migrated/)
- [Freight Transportation and Value Chains section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/freight-transportation-and-value-chains-section-migrated/)
- [Cross Border Transportation and International Trade migrated](https://transportgeography.org/cross-border-transportation-and-international-trade-migrated/)
- [Airport Terminals section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/airport-terminals-section-migrated/)
- [Rail Terminals section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/rail-terminals-section-migrated/)
- [Port Terminals section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/port-terminals-section-migrated/)
- [Transport Terminals and Hinterlands section migrated](https://transportgeography.org/transport-terminals-and-hinterlands-section-migrated/)
- [The Function of Transport Terminals migrated](https://transportgeography.org/the-function-of-transport-terminals-migrated/)
- [City Logistics page migrated](https://transportgeography.org/city-logistics-page-migrated/)
- [Migration of Chapter 3 (Transportation Modes) completed](https://transportgeography.org/migration-of-chapter-3-transportation-modes-completed/)
- [Future Transportation Systems page migrated and updated](https://transportgeography.org/future-transportation-systems-page-migrated-and-updated/)
- [Migration of Chapter 2 (Transportation and the Spatial Structure) completed](https://transportgeography.org/migration-of-chapter-2-transportation-and-the-spatial-structure-completed/)
- [Major upgrade to the Geography of Transport Systems](https://transportgeography.org/major-upgrade-to-the-geography-of-transport-systems/)

## Pages

- [The Geography of Transport Systems](https://transportgeography.org/) - A comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field of transportation geography with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application.
- [The Geography of Transport Systems](https://transportgeography.org/) - A comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field of transportation geography with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application.
- [1.4 - The Setting of Global Transportation Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/) - Global transportation systems emerged in the 20th century, particularly with the internal combustion engine, the jet plane, and the container.
- [1.1 - What is Transport Geography?](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/) - Transport geography is a sub-discipline of geography concerned about the mobility of people, freight, and information and its spatial organization.
- [3.3 - Transport Costs](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/) - Transport costs are a monetary measure of what the transport provider must pay to produce transportation services.
- [1.3 - The Emergence of Mechanized Transportation Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/) - Before the industrial revolution, even with limited technical capabilities, transportation enabled the setting of empires and trade routes. The industrial revolution allowed mechanized transportation systems, expanding mobility at the local and global levels.
- [2.4 - Information Technologies and Mobility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/information-technologies-and-mobility/) - Transportation is a service generating a substantial amount of information, and the diffusion of information technologies has transformed the mobility of passengers and freight.
- [Atomization versus Massification in Transportation Modes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/atomization-massification-modes/)
- [Representations of Distance](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/distance-representations/)
- [Automobile Production, Selected Countries, 1950-2024](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/automobile-production-world/)
- [Density of Ship Log Entries, 1750-1810](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/ship-log-density-1750-1810/)
- [Energy Density of some Combustibles](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/combustibles-energy-content/)
- [Average Hourly Traffic on George Washington Bridge, 2016](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/george-washington-bridge-traffic/)
- [4.1 - Transportation and Energy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/) - Transportation activities are significant energy consumers, providing mobility to passengers and freight, which accounts for about 25% of world energy use.
- [The Four Main Locational Influences of Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/locational-influences-transportation/)
- [Final Energy Consumption by Fuel Type by Transport Sector](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/final-energy-consumption-by-fuel-type-by-transport-sector/)
- [Long Wave Cycles of Innovation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/innovation-long-wave-cycles/)
- [Chapter 3 - Transportation, Economy and Society](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/) - Transport systems, by the mobility they provide, are closely related to socioeconomic changes. Economic opportunities are likely to arise where transportation infrastructures can ensure access to markets and resources.
- [The Digitalization of Mobility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/information-technologies-and-mobility/digitalization-mobility/)
- [Basic Location Factors](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/location-factors-basic/)
- [Types of Transportation Networks and Vulnerabilities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/transportation-networks-vulnerabilities/)
- [A Typology of Transportation Networks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/typology-transport-networks/)
- [The Relevance of Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/relevance-logistics/)
- [Transportation and Logistics Multinationals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/transportation-logistics-multinationals/)
- [Chapter 5 - Transportation Modes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/) - Transportation modes are essential components of transport systems since they are the means by which mobility is supported. Modes can be grouped into three broad categories based on the medium they exploit: land, water and air.
- [Sustainable Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-sustainability-decarbonization/sustainable-transportation/)
- [Global Mean Sea Level Change, 1880-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/global-mean-sea-level-change/)
- [Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by the Transportation Sector](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-environment/greenhouse-gas-emissions-transportation/)
- [Average Global Temperature and Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuel Burning, 1880-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-environment/average-global-temperature-world-carbon-emissions-fossil-fuel/)
- [Chapter 4 - Transport, Energy and Environment](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/) - Transportation systems are linked with a wide range of environmental considerations from the global to the local. Environmental impacts are related to transport modes, their energy supply systems, their emissions and the infrastructures over which they operate.
- [Standard Transport Demand / Supply Function](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/transport-supply-demand-function/)
- [Growth Factors in Transport Demand](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/transport-demand-growth-factors/)
- [Selected International Commercial Terms (Incoterms)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/incoterms-commercial/)
- [Different Components of Transport Time](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/transport-time-components/)
- [Friction of Distance Functions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/friction-distance-functions/)
- [Transport Impacts on Economic Opportunities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/economic-opportunities-transport-impacts/)
- [Diminishing Returns of Transport Investments](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transport-investments-diminishing-returns/)
- [The Substitution and Generation Effects of Information Technologies on Mobility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/information-technologies-and-mobility/substitution-generation-information-technologies-mobility/)
- [Mail Carried by USPS and Parcels Carried by Major Carriers, United States, 2004-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/information-technologies-and-mobility/mail-parcels-carried-united-states/)
- [The Location Spectrum](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/the-location-spectrum/)
- [Passenger Traffic at the World's Largest Airports, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/world-passengers-airports/)
- [Locational Changes in Manufacturing](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/manufacturing-locational-changes/)
- [Gateways and Hubs](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/gateways-hubs/)
- [Global Financial Centers, 2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/global-financial-centers/)
- [World Cities, 2012](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/world-city-index/)
- [Scales of Spatial Organization for Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/transportation-spatial-organization-scale/)
- [2.1 - The Geography of Transportation Networks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/) - Transportation networks are a framework of routes linking locations. The structure of any region corresponds to networks of economic and social interactions.
- [Transportation Network Efficiency and Resilience](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/transportation-network-efficiency-and-resilience/)
- [Point-to-Point versus Hub-and-Spoke Networks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/point-to-point-versus-hub-and-spoke-network/)
- [Network Connectivity Options](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/network-options/)
- [Chapter 2 - Transportation and Spatial Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/) - Transportation has a strong influence on the spatial structure at the local, regional and global levels. Contemporary economic processes have been accompanied by a significant increase in mobility and higher levels of accessibility.
- [Types of Transportation Bottlenecks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/bottlenecks-types-transportation/)
- [Economic, Transport and Commercial Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/economic-transport-commercial-geography/)
- [Cumulative Waves of Transport Development](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/transport-development-waves/)
- [Evolution of Powered Transatlantic Passenger Modes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/powered-transatlantic-passenger-modes/)
- [Geographical Impacts of the Suez and Panama Canals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/suez-panama-canal-geography-impacts/)
- [Major Canals Built in the 19th Century, American Northeast](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/american-canals-19th-century/)
- [Global Space/Time Convergence: Days Required to Circumnavigate the Globe](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/world-circumnavigation-days/)
- [George Washington Bridge](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/road-transportation/george-washington-bridge/)
- [Core Components of Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/core-components-transportation/)
- [The Scales of Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/the-scales-of-transport-geography/)
- [Transportation as a Derived Demand](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/transportation-derived-demand/)
- [Vehicle Use Indicators, World, 1950-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/world-vehicle-use-indicators/)
- [Space - Time Convergence](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/space-time-convergence/)
- [Chapter 1 - Transportation and Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/) - Mobility has always been fundamental components of the economic and social life of societies. Contemporary economic processes have been accompanied by a significant increase in mobility and higher levels of accessibility.
- [Mobility of Freight (Selected Cargo)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/freight-mobility-cargo/)
- [Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/operational-differences-passenger-freight/)
- [The Core Principles of Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/core-principles-transport-geography/)
- [The Sisyphus Analogy in Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/sisyphus-analogy-transportation/)
- [Vessel Size Groups](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/vessel-size-groups/)
- [Intermodal and Transmodal Connectivity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/intermodal-transmodal-connectivity/)
- [Jet Fuel Prices, 1990-2026](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/jet-fuel-prices/)
- [5.5 - Air Transport](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/) - Air transportation is the mobility of passengers and freight by any conveyance that can sustain controlled flight.
- [First Containership, Ideal-X, 1956](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/idealx-first-containeriship-1956/)
- [Channel Depth at Major North American Container Ports](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/channel-depth-ports-north-america/)
- [Customs Pre-Clearance Airports for the United States](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/pre-clearance-airports-united-states/)
- [B.8 - Petroleum: A Transportation Resource](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/petroleum-transportation-resource/) - Petroleum remains a strategic resource in the global economy, underlining the challenges of producing and transporting oil.
- [The Lifespan of Main Transport Assets](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transport-assets-lifespan/)
- [Types of Landbridges](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-bottlenecks/types-landbridges/)
- [8.4 - Urban Transport Challenges](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/) - The most important transport challenges occur when urban transport systems cannot adequately satisfy the requirements of urban mobility.
- [8.2 - Urban Land Use and Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/) - Urban land use reflects the location and level of spatial accumulation of activities such as retailing, management, manufacturing or residence. They generate flows supported by transport systems.
- [The Space / Cost Dichotomy of Forelands and Hinterlands](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/foreland-hinterland-dichotomy/)
- [Port Foreland and Hinterland](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/foreland-hinterland/)
- [Landlocked Countries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/landlocked-countries/)
- [Centrality and Intermediacy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/centrality-intermediacy/)
- [The Hinterland of a Transport Terminal](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/hinterland-transport-terminal/)
- [Coastal, Landlocked and Relatively Landlocked Markets](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/coastal-landlocked-markets/)
- [6.2 - Transport Terminals and Hinterlands](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/) - Transport terminals are central and intermediate locations. Their main influence is through their hinterlands, which are the land areas they service.
- [B.4 - High Speed Rail Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/high-speed-rail-systems/) - High speed rail refers to passenger rail systems running at operational speed between 200 and 300 km/h, and above in some cases.
- [US-China Tariffs, 2018-2025](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/us-china-tariffs/)
- [Yuan Exchange Rate, 1981-2026](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/yuan-usd-exchange-rate/)
- [World Merchandise Trade, 1960-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/world-merchandise-trade/)
- [7.2 - Globalization and International Trade](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/) - International trade is an exchange of goods or services across national jurisdictions subject to regulatory oversight and taxation. Inbound trade is defined as imports and outbound trade is defined as exports.
- [7.4 - Logistics and Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/) - Logistics involves a broad set of activities dedicated to the transformation and distribution of goods, from raw material sourcing to final market distribution as well as the related information flows.
- [Logistics Costs, United States, 1980-2024](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logistics-costs-united-states/)
- [Inland Flows, Port of New York c2010](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/port-authority-new-york-new-jersey/port-new-york-hinterland/)
- [4.4 - Transportation, Sustainability and Decarbonization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-sustainability-decarbonization/) - Sustainable transportation is the capacity to support the mobility needs of a society in a manner that is the least damageable to the environment and does not impair the mobility needs of future generations.
- [Evolution of Containerships](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/evolution-containerships-classes/)
- [American Rail Network, 1861](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/american-rail-network-1861/)
- [American Intermodal Rail Traffic, 1988-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/intermodal-rail-traffic-united-states/)
- [The Alameda Corridor and Containers Handled by the San Pedro Bay Ports](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/alameda-rail-traffic/)
- [Container Traffic Handled by the Port of New York, 1991-2016](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/port-authority-new-york-new-jersey/container-traffic-port-new-york/)
- [Port Inland Distribution Network of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/port-authority-new-york-new-jersey/port-inland-distribution-network-new-york/)
- [Traffic Handled at Major North American Gateways, 2007](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/gateways-transport-corridors-north-america/north-america-gateways-traffic/)
- [2.3 - Transport and Location](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/) - The location of economic activities is related to their nature and function, with each activity having a dependence on transportation
- [Liner Transatlantic Crossing Times, 1833 - 1952](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/liner-transatlantic-crossing-time/)
- [Main Commodity Price Indexes, 1992-2023](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-sustainability-decarbonization/commodity-prices-index/)
- [5.1 - Transportation Modes, Modal Competition and Modal Shift](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/transportation-modes-modal-competition-modal-shift/) - Transport modes are the means supporting the mobility of passengers and freight.
- [Types of Manufacturing Clusters](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/cluster-manufacturing-types/)
- [Customs Fraud by Misclassification of Goods](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/customs-misclassification/)
- [Rationale for Outsourcing](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/rationale-outsourcing/)
- [Break-Even Distance between Sail and Steam, 1850-1890](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/steam-sail-breakeven/)
- [B.15 - Green Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/green-logistics/) - Green logistics relates to supply chain management practices and strategies that reduce its environmental and energy footprint. It focuses on material handling, waste management, packaging, and transport.
- [A.6 - Graph Theory: Measures and Indices](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/) - Graph theory relies on several measures and indices that assess the efficiency of transportation networks.
- [The Laredo Commercial Vehicle Border Crossing (World Trade Bridge / Laredo IV)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/laredo-commercial-vehicle-border-crossing/)
- [7.1 - Transborder and Crossborder Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/) - Cross-border transportation involves the activities, infrastructures and flows that support the passage of passengers and freight across an international border.
- [A.1 - Methods in Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/methods-transport-geography/) - In addition to providing a conceptual background to the analysis of the mobility of passengers and freight, transport geography is an applied science relying on quantitative and qualitative methods
- [Selected North American Trade Corridor Initiatives](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/gateways-transport-corridors-north-america/trade-corridor-initiatives-north-america/)
- [The Effect of a Border on Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/border-effect-freight-distribution/)
- [5.4 - Maritime Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/) - Maritime transportation concerns the movement of passengers and freight over water masses, from oceans to rivers.
- [Polar Shipping Routes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/polar-shipping-routes/)
- [Facilities of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/port-authority-new-york-new-jersey/facilities-port-authority-new-york-map/)
- [Types of Packaging](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/types-packaging/)
- [Main Water Masses of the World](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/main-water-masses-world/)
- [Typical Car and Truck Trips Distribution by Time of the Day](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/car-truck-trips-temporal/)
- [B.20 - The St. Lawrence Seaway and Regional Development](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/) - The St. Lawrence Seaway is an inland navigation system linking the St. Lawrence River and its oceanic access to the Great Lakes through channels and locks.
- [About](https://transportgeography.org/about/)
- [Purchasing Managers Index, 1990-2024](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/purchasing-managers-index/)
- [Port Sites and Functions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/port-site-functions/)
- [Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/exclusive-economic-zones/)
- [World's Major Container Ports, 2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/world-major-container-ports/)
- [6.5 - Airport Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/) - An airport is a facility where aircraft can take off and land. They usually consists of hard-surfaced landing strips, a control tower, hangars and accommodations for passengers and cargo.
- [Global Accessibility: Time to the Nearest Large City](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/global-accessibility-time-nearest-city/)
- [The Silk Road and Arab Sea Routes (11th and 12th Centuries)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/silk-road-arab-sea-routes-12th-century/)
- [The Economic Output of the World's Major Metropolitan Areas, 2012](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/gdp-metropolitan-areas/)
- [Meat Cold Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/meat-cold-chain/)
- [C.12 – Stakeholder Relationships in City Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/) - Stakeholders are actors articulating city logistics through their decisions and actions. They include the coordinators and distributors of freight at the last mile, the managers of the infrastructure, the regulatory agencies that often control access, and the consumers themselves.
- [Mega-Region Development](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-mega-urban-region/mega-region-development/)
- [Amazon Inbound Cross Dock Facilities Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/procurement-fulfillment-facilities/amazon-inbound-cross-dock-facilities-network/)
- [Assembly Line of the Ford T Model, 1913](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/assembly-ford-model-t-1913/)
- [Largest Countries of Ship Registry, 2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/tonnage-country-registery/)
- [Diffusion Cycle of Containerization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/containerization-diffusion-cycles/)
- [Selected Changes in Maritime Shipping](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/selected-changes-maritime-shipping/)
- [Share of Product Groups in World Merchandise Trade, 1900-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/product-groups-global-trade/)
- [Types of Maritime Cargo](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/types-maritime-cargo/)
- [Major Oil Spills Since 1967](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/major-oil-spills/)
- [Global Maritime Piracy, 1993-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-safety-security/global-maritime-piracy/)
- [E-Commerce Retail Sales as a Percent of Total Sales, United States](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/e-commerce-home-deliveries/e-commerce-retail-sales-united-states/)
- [The Main Dimensions of Trade Facilitation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/main-dimensions-trade-facilitation/)
- [Steel Wires in a Warehouse, Port of Halifax](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/steel-wire-halifax/)
- [1.2 - Transportation and the Physical Environment](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/) - The physical environment imposes major constraints on transportation systems, in terms of what mode can be used, the extent of the service, its costs, capacity, and reliability.
- [Clipper Ships](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/clipper-ship/)
- [The Genesis of Globalization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/genesis-globalization/)
- [The Great Circle Distance](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/great-circle-distance/)
- [Global Wind Patterns](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/global-wind-patterns/)
- [The Geographical Space of Maritime Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/maritime-transportation-geography-components/)
- [Global Submarine Cable Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/global-submarine-cable-network/)
- [Travel Time between London and the Rest of the World, 1914](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/travel-time-between-london-world-1914/)
- [World Maritime Trade Routes, 1912](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/world-trade-routes-1912/)
- [The Performance of Pre-industrial Means of Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/pre-industrial-travel-modes/)
- [Impacts of Maury's Navigation Charts on Sailing Time, 1850s](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/maury-navigation-sailing-1850/)
- [Spanish and Portuguese Empires (1581-1640)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/spanish-portuguese-empires-17th-century/)
- [The Dawn of Containerization: 1970](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/dawn-containerization/)
- [Ancient Trade Issues](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/ancient-trade-issues/)
- [Comparison between a Contemporary and a Second World War Tanker](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/tanker-size-second-world-war-ulcc/)
- [Grand Canal System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/grand-canal-china/)
- [The Roman Empire, c125 CE](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/roman-empire-c125ce/)
- [The Tokaido Corridor](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-mega-urban-region/tokyo-osaka-corridor-tokaido/)
- [C.5 – Urban Freight Distribution Channels](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-distribution-channels/) - Freight distribution in urban areas involves consumer-related and producer-related channels.
- [C.1 – What is City Logistics?](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/what-is-city-logistics/)
- [7.3 - Freight Transportation and Value Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/) - A value chain is a functionally integrated network of production, trade, and service activities covering stages from the transformation of raw materials, manufacturing to the delivery of finished goods to a market.
- [North American Containerized Trade with Asia, 1995-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/north-america-asia-container-trade/)
- [Integration between Port and Airport Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/port-airport-integration/)
- [1.5 - Transportation and Commercial Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/) - Commercial geography looks at trade and transactions in terms of what they involve, how they are generated, and their outcomes.
- [Transport Route Selection](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/transport-route-selection/)
- [Major Technological Innovations of the Industrial Revolution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/industrial-revolution-technological-innovations/)
- [Global Inflows of Foreign Direct Investments, 1990-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/world-foreign-direct-investments-inflows/)
- [Worldwide Mergers and Acquisitions, 1990-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/global-mergers-acquisitions/)
- [Main Forms of Competitiveness in Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/forms-competitiveness-transportation/)
- [Key Dimensions of Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/key-dimensions-transportation/)
- [Speed Improvement Potential by Transport Mode](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/table_transport_speed/)
- [Parking in a Public Park, Brussels](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/parking-brussels/)
- [Bicycle Pool, Paris, France](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/paris-bicycle-pool/)
- [Environmental, Social and Governance Criteria](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-sustainability-decarbonization/environmental-social-governance-criteria/)
- [Issues with Environmental Social Governance](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-sustainability-decarbonization/issues-environmental-social-governance/)
- [Sustainable Development Goals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-sustainability-decarbonization/three-e-development/)
- [E-Book](https://transportgeography.org/media/e-book/)
- [B.5 - Transportation and its Bottlenecks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-bottlenecks/) - Bottlenecks impose delays and restrictions in the normal flow of transportation and can be related to infrastructure, policy or operations
- [9.4 - Transportation, Disruptions and Resilience](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/) - Natural and anthropogenic disruptive events have effects on transportation systems, which can impact modes, terminals, and infrastructure differently.
- [Main Transportation Bottlenecks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-bottlenecks/main-transportation-bottlenecks/)
- [Weight and Packaging Improvements: iPad 1 versus iPad 2](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/green-logistics/packaging-ipad1-ipad2/)
- [Packed Memory Foam Mattresses](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/green-logistics/packed-memory-foam-mattress/)
- [5.3 - Rail Transportation and Pipelines](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/) - Rail transportation refers to the movement of vehicles on guideways. The most common guideways are rails, but recent technological developments have also made available monorails and magnetic levitation trains.
- [Passenger Rail Market Share Against Air for Inter-City Travel](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/passenger-rail-market-share-against-air-inter-city/)
- [The Shinkansen High Speed Rail Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/high-speed-rail-systems/shinkansen-high-speed-rail-network/)
- [Breakeven Distances between Conventional Rail, High Speed Rail and Air Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/high-speed-rail-systems/breakeven-distances-rail-air-transport/)
- [World Air Travel and World Air Freight Carried, 1950-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/world-air-travel-freight/)
- [Global Gateways Index, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/global-gateways-index/)
- [Participation Level in Global Value Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/participation-global-value-chains/)
- [United States Strategic Petroleum Reserves, 1977-2023](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/petroleum-transportation-resource/strategic-petroleum-reserves-united-states/)
- [3.2 - Transportation and Society](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-society/) - Transport systems support complex economic and social interactions and are thus a component of society.
- [The Jones Act and International Maritime Markets](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/nature-transport-policy/jones-act-maritime-markets/)
- [Elements of the Cold Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/cold-chain-elements/)
- [3.1 - Transportation and Economic Development](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/) - The development of transportation systems is embedded within the scale and context in which they take place; from the local to the global.
- [C.4 – Urban Logistical Challenges](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-logistical-challenges/) - City logistics requires an understanding of urban geography and supply chain management. Urban freight distribution has a unique array of challenges as a multidisciplinary field. It reflects many dimensions of contemporary logistics, such as route and delivery sequence selection. It also exacerbates its constraints, such as on-time deliveries in an environment of a scarcity of road access.
- [Contents](https://transportgeography.org/contents/)
- [Appendix C - City Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/)
- [C.13 – Freight Distribution Strategies for City Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/freight-distribution-strategies-city-logistics/) - From a freight distribution perspective, a city can be considered a bottleneck where transportation resources are scarce relative to the potential demand and are thus highly valuable. Freight is competing for the use of urban space.
- [The Motor Transition in Urban Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/freight-distribution-strategies-city-logistics/motor-transition-urban-freight-distribution/)
- [Unloading a CNG Truck at a Motomachi Urban Consolidation Center](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/freight-distribution-strategies-city-logistics/unloading-cng-truck-motomachi-urban-consolidation-center/)
- [Sogaris Urban Logistic Zone, Marseilles](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/freight-distribution-strategies-city-logistics/sogaris-urban-logistic-zone-marseilles/)
- [Mitigation Strategies for Urban Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/freight-distribution-strategies-city-logistics/mitigation-strategies-urban-freight/)
- [5.6 - Intermodal Transportation and Containerization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/) - Intermodal transportation concerns the mobility of passengers or freight from an origin to a destination relying on several modes of transportation. The container has become the dominant intermodal transport unit.
- [Time Restricted Curb-Side Parking for Food Pickup](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/time-restricted-curb-side-parking-food/)
- [Waste Management Truck by the Curb](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/waste-management-truck-curb/)
- [Changing the Number of Street Lanes to Accommodate Business Needs](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/number-street-lanes-business/)
- [Distributor Stakeholder Relationships, Interests and Different Sources of Influence](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/distributor-stakeholder-influence/)
- [Planner and Governance Stakeholder Relationships, Interests and Different Sources of Influence](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/planner-governance-stakeholder-relationships-interests-influence/)
- [Infrastructure Manager Stakeholder Relationships, Interests and Different Sources of Influence](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/infrastructure-manager-stakeholder-relationships-interests-influence/)
- [Consumer Stakeholder Relationships, Interests and Different Sources of Influence](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/consumer-stakeholder-relationships-interests-different-influence/)
- [City Logistics Stakeholder Categories](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/stakeholder-relationships-city-logistics/city-logistics-stakeholder-categories/)
- [C.11 – Third-Party Logistics Services Providers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/third-party-logistics-services-providers/)
- [C.10 – Autonomous Vehicles for Urban Deliveries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries/)
- [Typology of Autonomous Vehicles for Urban Deliveries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries/typology-autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries-2/)
- [Typology of Autonomous Vehicles Scenarios for Urban Deliveries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries/typology-autonomous-vehicles-urban-deliveries/)
- [C.7 – Procurement and Fulfillment Facilities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/procurement-fulfillment-facilities/) - Procurement and fulfillment represent the first stage in the organization of supply chains and are usually composed of large facilities accessible to international and regional transportation systems.
- [C.9 – Last Mile Facilities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/last-mile-facilities/)
- [Urban Freight Stations](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/last-mile-facilities/urban-freight-stations/)
- [Amazon Delivery Stations Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/last-mile-facilities/amazon-delivery-stations-network/)
- [Delivery Station](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/last-mile-facilities/delivery-station/)
- [Fresh Produce at an Amazon Prime Fast Delivery Hub, Berlin](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/last-mile-facilities/fresh-produce-amazon-prime-fast-delivery-hub-berlin/)
- [Amazon Fast Delivery Hubs Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/last-mile-facilities/amazon-fast-delivery-hubs-network/)
- [Fast Delivery Hub](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/last-mile-facilities/fast-delivery-hub/)
- [C.8 – Distribution Facilities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/distribution-facilities/) - Distribution facilities are flow-based structures that aim to consolidate, sort, and deconsolidate cargo to more efficiently service urban markets.
- [Amazon Sortation Centers Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/distribution-facilities/amazon-sortation-centers-network/)
- [Amazon Sortation Center](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/distribution-facilities/amazon-sortation-center/)
- [Amazon Air Hubs Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/distribution-facilities/amazon-air-hubs-network/)
- [Amazon Air Hub](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/distribution-facilities/amazon-air-hub/)
- [The Hub-and-Spoke Structure of Parcel Carriers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/distribution-facilities/hub-spoke-structure-parcel-carriers/)
- [Amazon E-Fulfillment Centers by Item](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/procurement-fulfillment-facilities/amazon-e-fulfillment-centers-item/)
- [Amazon E-Fulfillment Centers Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/procurement-fulfillment-facilities/amazon-fulfillment-centers-network/)
- [E-Fulfillment Center](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/procurement-fulfillment-facilities/e-fulfillment-center/)
- [Inbound Cross Dock Facility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/procurement-fulfillment-facilities/inbound-cross-dock-facility/)
- [Evolution of Retail Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/retail-logistics-evolution/)
- [Logistics Facilities Supporting E-commerce](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/procurement-fulfillment-facilities/logistics-facilities-supporting-e-commerce/)
- [Lorenz and Perfect Inequality Differences](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/gini-coefficient/lorenz-curve-perfect-inequality/)
- [C.6 – E-commerce and Home Deliveries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/e-commerce-home-deliveries/) - The emergence of e-commerce has driven a new impetus for city logistics with the fast growth in home deliveries and the related flows of parcels. These delivery services were further expanded to include fast deliveries involving selected items and food.
- [2.2 - Transportation and Spatial Organization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/) - Transportation imposes an organization on activities and a spatial structure. Inversely, the spatial structure influences transportation.
- [Basic Location Strategies](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/location-strategies-basic/)
- [Urban Pickup Location, Chongqing, China](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-logistical-challenges/urban-pickup-location-chongqing/)
- [Impacts of Urban Planning Strategies on City Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-logistical-challenges/impacts-urban-planning-city-logistics/)
- [Amazon Parcel Pick Up Locker](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-logistical-challenges/amazon-parcel-pick-up-locker/)
- [Urban Freight Station: DHL Packstation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-logistical-challenges/urban-freight-station-dhl-packstation/)
- [Location of LTL and Parcel Distribution Centers, Paris 1974-2010](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-logistical-challenges/logistics-sprawl-location-paris/)
- [The Lobby as a Freight Station](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-logistical-challenges/lobby-freight-station/)
- [C.3 – The Diversity of Urban Freight Activities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/diversity-urban-freight-activities/) - Urban areas have a diversity of freight profiles in terms of the freight they generate and how it circulates.
- [National Urban Populations and the Logistics Performance Index](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/diversity-urban-freight-activities/urban-populations-logistics-performance-index/)
- [World’s Major Cities and the Logistics Performance Index, 2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/diversity-urban-freight-activities/worlds-major-cities-logistics-performance-index/)
- [Global City Logistics Typology](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/diversity-urban-freight-activities/global-city-logistics-typology/)
- [Relationship between Urban Density, Urban Mobility and Commercial Freight Deliveries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/diversity-urban-freight-activities/urban-density-mobility-commercial-freight-deliveries/)
- [Intercity Bus Station, Douala, Cameroon](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/diversity-urban-freight-activities/intercity-bus-station-douala-cameroon/)
- [Factors Impacting Truck Traffic in Large Metropolitan Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/diversity-urban-freight-activities/factors-truck-traffic-metropolitan-areas/)
- [Basic Land Economics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/land-economics/)
- [Delivery Truck at a Suburban Retail Store](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-distribution-channels/delivery-truck-suburban-retail-store/)
- [The Courier, Express and Parcel Markets](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-distribution-channels/courier-express-parcel-markets/)
- [Distribution-Based Consumption](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-distribution-channels/distribution-based-consumption/)
- [Curbside Delivery at a Grocery Store](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-distribution-channels/curbside-delivery-grocery-store/)
- [Main Forms of Urban Retail Goods Movements](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-distribution-channels/forms-urban-retail-goods-movements/)
- [Types of Urban Freight Flows](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-distribution-channels/types-urban-freight-flows/)
- [9.3 - Transport Safety and Security](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-safety-security/) - Safety and security issues concern both transportation modes and terminals that can be either a target for terrorism, a vector to conduct illegal activities, or even a form of warfare.
- [Download Slides](https://transportgeography.org/media/media-slides/)
- [A.4 - Transportation and Accessibility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/) - Accessibility is a key element in transport geography and geography in general since it is a direct expression of mobility either in terms of people, freight, or information
- [A.5 - Graph Theory: Definition and Properties](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/) - Graph theory is a branch of mathematics concerned about how networks can be encoded and their properties measured.
- [Number of Units and Weight of Consumption Goods Carried by a 20-Foot Container](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/container-weighting-cubing-out/)
- [A380 at John F Kennedy Airport, New York](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/a380-paris-airport/)
- [B.14 - The Logistics of Global Food Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/) - Food systems are a sequence of processes to fulfill the demand for food, from farming, processing, and distributing to final use. Global freight distribution systems have enabled a broader scale and scope for commercializing agricultural goods.
- [B.9 - The Cold Chain and its Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/) - The cold chain involves the transportation of temperature sensitive products along a supply chain through thermal and refrigerated packaging methods and the logistical planning to protect the integrity of these shipments.
- [Source Loading of Chilled Meat in a Reefer](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/source-loading-meat-reefer/)
- [Isochrone Map of Manchester, 1917](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/isochrone-map-manchester/)
- [Main Hall of Humberto Delgado Airport, Lisbon](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/main-hall-humberto-delgado-airport-lisbon/)
- [Jet Bridge, Warsaw Airport](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/jet-bridge-warsaw/)
- [Kroger Automated Distribution Center, Paramount, California](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/kroger-distribution-center-paramount/)
- [Omnibus, London, Circa 1895](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/omnibus-london-19th-century/)
- [World Bank Average Annual Lending by Mode, 2007](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/lending-world-bank-transport/)
- [B.11- Freight Distribution Clusters (Logistics Zones)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/) - Logistic zones are a grouping of activities related to freight distribution such as distribution centers, transportation, and supporting services within a defined and often planned area.
- [A.18 - Spatial Interactions and the Gravity Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/) - A spatial interaction is a realized flow of passengers or freight between an origin and a destination. It is a transport demand / supply relationship expressed over a geographical space.
- [6.3 - Port Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/) - Ports are harbor areas in which marine terminal facilities are transferring cargo and passengers between ships and land transportation.
- [Types of Hinterland Connectivity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/hinterland-connectivity/)
- [Major North American Rail Corridors Improved since 2000](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/rail-corridors-north-america-improvement/)
- [B.3 - Gateways and Transport Corridors in North America](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/gateways-transport-corridors-north-america/) - The North American economy is articulated along major corridors that connect commercial gateways to their hinterlands.
- [Market Accessibility of Major North American Freight Distribution Clusters](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/gateways-transport-corridors-north-america/market-access-freight-clusters-north-america/)
- [Main North American Trade Corridors, Gateways and Inland Freight Clusters](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/gateways-transport-corridors-north-america/gateways-corridors-inland-ports-north-america/)
- [Monthly Value of Surface Trade between the United States, Canada and Mexico, 1993-2016](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/gateways-transport-corridors-north-america/nafta-trade-value/)
- [Transport Corridors and the Regional Spatial Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/transport-corridors-spatial-structure/)
- [Triple Crown Intermodal Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/triple-crown-intermodal-network/)
- [Contact](https://transportgeography.org/contact-us/)
- [Economic Rationale of Rail Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/rail-transport-economics/)
- [Articulation Node and Transport Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-mega-urban-region/articulation-node-transport-chains/)
- [Home-to-Work Trips Modes, United States, 1985-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/home-to-work-united-states-2/)
- [Urban Spatial Pattern in East Asia](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-mega-urban-region/east-asia-urban-pattern/)
- [B.2 - Transportation and Mega-Urban Regions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-mega-urban-region/) - The mega-urban region is a complex regional entity articulated along transport corridors linking a series of metropolitan areas.
- [Modal Corridors in an Urban Region](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-mega-urban-region/modal-corridors-urban-region/)
- [Major Components to Price Reductions by the Chinese Manufacturing Sector, 2005](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/china-manufacturing-price-reduction/)
- [Freight Transport Revenue per Ton-Mile](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/transportation-modes-modal-competition-modal-shift/freight-transport-revenue-ton-mile/)
- [8.3 - Urban Mobility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/) - Urban mobility involves three broad categories of collective, individual, and freight transportation. While the mobility of passengers is the outcome of individual decisions based on different rationales, freight mobility is decided in tandem between the cargo owners and transportation service providers.
- [8.1 - Transportation and the Urban Form](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/) - Transportation has an influence on the urban spatial structure and is shaping urbanization.
- [Density and Car Use in Selected Global Cities, 2000s](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/density-car-use/)
- [B.21 - The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/port-authority-new-york-new-jersey/)
- [Freight handled at New York’s Major Airports, 1985-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/port-authority-new-york-new-jersey/freight-airports-new-york/)
- [Passengers Handled at New York's Major Airports, 1989-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/port-authority-new-york-new-jersey/passengers-airports-new-york/)
- [C.2 – The Urban Freight Landscape](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-landscape/) - The urban freight landscape is the spatial distribution of the factors generating freight within an area, including regulations, infrastructures, and mobility options.
- [Paris Freight Landscape](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-landscape/paris-freight-landscape/)
- [Los Angeles Freight Landscape](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-landscape/los-angeles-freight-landscape/)
- [New York Freight Landscape](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-landscape/new-york-freight-landscape/)
- [Depicting the Freight Landscape](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-landscape/depicting-freight-landscape/)
- [Relationship between Urban Density, Urban Mobility and Commercial Freight Deliveries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-landscape/relationship-urban-density-urban-mobility-and-commercial-freight-deliveries/)
- [Containerization and the Operational Characteristics of Transport Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/containerization-operation-terminals/)
- [5.2 - Road Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/road-transportation/) - Road transportation involves moving passengers and freight with vehicles over a prepared surface.
- [World Bicycle Production, 1950-2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/road-transportation/bicycle-production-world/)
- [Performance Comparison for Selected Freight Modes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/transportation-modes-modal-competition-modal-shift/performance-freight-modes/)
- [The Freight Landscape: A Multidimensional Concept](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/urban-freight-landscape/freight-landscape-multidimensional-concept/)
- [Taxonomy of Logistics Decisions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/taxonomy-logistics-decisions/)
- [Work-Related Mobility in a Motorized City](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/work-related-mobility/)
- [UPS Chicago Area Consolidation Hub (CACH)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/ups-cach-chicago/)
- [Trade, Transportation and Geographic Specialization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/trade-transportation-geographic-specialization/)
- [Total Accessibility Matrix (T)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/totalaccessibility/)
- [Passengers Traffic, DFW, HKG and KIX, 1982-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/mega-airport-projects/passenger-traffic-dfw-hkg-kix/)
- [B.6 - Mega Airport Projects](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/mega-airport-projects/) - Mega airports are emerging as major hubs of global air passenger and freight activity.
- [Site of the Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok Terminal](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/sitehongkongairport/)
- [Freight Traffic, DFW, HKG and KIX, 1982-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/mega-airport-projects/freight-traffic-dfw-hkg-kix/)
- [The Ocean Economy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/ocean-economy/)
- [Fresh Flowers Cold Chain, Ecuador-United States](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/flowers-ecuador-united-states/)
- [Static and Dynamic Capacity of Transport Infrastructure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/transport-infrastructure-static-dynamic-capacity/)
- [3.4 - The Provision and Demand of Transportation Services](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/) - Transport supply is the capacity of specific transportation infrastructures and modes over a time period. Transport demand is mobility needs for the same time period, even if they are only partially satisfied.
- [4.2 - Transportation and the Environment](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-environment/) - Transportation systems, from infrastructures to vehicle operations, have environmental impacts ranging from noise, the emission of pollutants to climate change.
- [Operational Conditions of Cold Chain Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/cold-chain-operational-conditions/)
- [Global Manufacturing, 2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/global-manufacturing/)
- [Value of Chinese Exports and FDI, 1983-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/china-exports-fdi/)
- [Phases of the Export-Oriented Paradigm](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/export-oriented-paradigm/)
- [Temperature Standards for the Cold Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/temperature-standards-cold-chain/)
- [Turn Penalties at an Intersection](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/turn-penalty-intersection/)
- [A.7 - Network Data Models](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/) - Network data models offer a digital representation of transportation networks that can be used for planning, operational and simulation purposes.
- [B.16 - The Financing of Transportation Infrastructure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/financing-transportation-infrastructure/) - Transportation infrastructures are becoming increasingly complex, requiring new forms of financing.
- [6.4 - Rail Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/) - Rail terminals are facilities used for the transfer of passengers and freight to other modes of transportation.
- [Intermodal Terminals and Selected Co-Located Logistic Zones Projects in North America](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/intermodal-terminals-logistics-zones-north-america/)
- [The Benefits of Logistics Improvements](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/benefits-logistics-improvements/)
- [Examples of Highway Public / Private Partnerships in the United States](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/financing-transportation-infrastructure/highways-public-private-partnerships-united-states/)
- [B.19 - Transportation and Pandemics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/) - Transportation systems due to their speed and ubiquity act as a vector in the diffusion of pandemics.
- [A.15 - Market Area Analysis](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/) - Concepts and methods in the analysis of market areas such as market size and level of competition.
- [Collaborative Distribution Strategies](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/collaborative-distribution/)
- [Most Suitable Cereal](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/most-suitable-cereal/)
- [6.1 - The Function of Transport Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/) - A terminal is a facility where passengers and freight are assembled or dispersed during transportation.
- [Boeing 747](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/boeing-747/)
- [Forms of Digitalization in Freight Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/information-technologies-and-mobility/digitalization-freight-transportation-forms/)
- [Corporate Adaptation to Transport Innovations: American Express and Wells Fargo](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/corporate-adaptation-transport-innovations-american-express-wells-fargo/)
- [Development of Operational Speed for Major Transport Modes, 1750-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/operational-speed-transport-modes-development/)
- [Share of the Population in Agriculture, Early Industrial Countries, 1820-1910](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/agriculture-population-1820-1910/)
- [Estimated Oil Reserves, Selected OPEC Countries, 1980-1991 (billions of barrels)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/petroleum-transportation-resource/estimated-oil-reserves/)
- [Types of Oil and Gas Reserves](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/petroleum-transportation-resource/oil-gas-reserves-types/)
- [Modes Used for Petroleum Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/petroleum-transportation-resource/modes-oil-transportation/)
- [Core / Periphery Division of the World](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/world-core-periphery/)
- [A.17 - The Gini Coefficient](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/gini-coefficient/) - The Gini coefficient was developed to measure the degree of concentration (inequality) of a variable in a distribution of its elements.
- [10.4 - Future Transportation Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/) - Transportation changes are either incremental or revolutionary. The future of transportation will be influenced by a higher integration between physical and information systems.
- [North American Coastal Trade System, 18th Century](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/north-america-coastal-trade-18th-century/)
- [Crownless Pineapples in Cold Chain Inspection Room](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/crownless-pineapples-in-cold-chain-inspection-room/)
- [A.10 - Transport Technical and Economic Performance Indicators](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-technical-economic-performance-indicators/) - Performance indicators are widely used to empirically assess the technical performance of different transport modes, namely their capacity to move passengers or freight around.
- [A.8 - Route Selection and Traffic Assignment](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/) - Transportation seeks to minimize the effort of moving passengers and freight between locations. A component of this effort involves route selection.
- [The Development of Polar Air Routes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/polar-air-routes/)
- [B.17 - Logistics Policies](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/) - Logistics policies cover a range of freight distribution activities related to modes, terminals and warehousing.
- [Mini Hand Tractor Used for Providing Mobility, Phosavan, Laos](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-society/mini-hand-tractor-mobility-phosavan-laos/)
- [Appendix A - Methods in Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/) - Transportation is not a science, but a field of inquiry and application. As such, it tends to rely on a set of specific methodologies since transportation is a performance driven activity and this performance can be measured and compared.
- [A.9 - Location-Allocation Models](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/location-allocation-models/)
- [9.1 - The Nature of Transport Policy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/nature-transport-policy/) - Transport policy tries to make decisions concerning the allocation of transport resources while transport planning is their effective implementation.
- [Transportation-Land Use Interactions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/transportation-land-use-interactions/)
- [Main Stakeholders in Urban Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/what-is-city-logistics/stakeholders-urban-freight-distribution/)
- [Typological Criteria for City Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/what-is-city-logistics/typological-criteria-city-logistics/)
- [Main Driving Factors for City Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/what-is-city-logistics/driving-factors-city-logistics/)
- [The Spatial and Functional Structure of Urban Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/what-is-city-logistics/spatial-functional-structure-urban-logistics/)
- [City Functions and Urban Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/what-is-city-logistics/city-functions-urban-distribution/)
- [Conceptual Differences between Supply Chain Management and City Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/what-is-city-logistics/conceptual-differences-supply-chain-city-logistics/)
- [Core Relations Between Freight and Urban Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/geography-city-logistics/what-is-city-logistics/core-relations-freight-urban-areas/)
- [Domains of Maritime Circulation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/domains-maritime-circulation/)
- [International Seaborne Trade and Exports of Goods, 1955-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/international-seaborne-trade/)
- [Appendix B - Applications and Case Studies](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/) - The concepts and methods of transport geography can be used in a wide range of applications and case studies.
- [Conditions Affecting Transport Costs](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/transport-costs-conditions/)
- [Container Barge, Seine River](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/container-barge-seine-river/)
- [Major Global Trade Routes, 1400-1800](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/global-trade-routes-1400-1800/)
- [Potential Benefits of On Demand Services Compared with Conventional Taxi Services](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/on-demand-services-taxi/)
- [Forces Shaping the Diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies in Freight Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/information-communication-technology-diffusion/)
- [ULTra (Urban Light Transport) System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/ultra-urban-light-system/)
- [Glossary](https://transportgeography.org/glossary/)
- [On-Time Flight Arrivals in the United States, 1995-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/on-time-arrivals-united-states/)
- [Geographic Accessibility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/geoaccessibility/)
- [A.2 - Geographic Information Systems for Transportation (GIS-T)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/geographic-information-systems-transportation/) - Geographic Information Systems for Transportation (GIS-T) refer to the principles and applications of geographic information technologies to transportation problems.
- [Geographic Information Systems and Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/methods-transport-geography/transportation-gis/)
- [Models in Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/methods-transport-geography/models-transport-geography/)
- [Drivers of Change for Future Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/driver-change-future-transportation/)
- [The Circular Economy and Supply Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-sustainability-decarbonization/circular-economy-supply-chains/)
- [10.2 - Governance, Management and Digitalization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/governance-and-management/) - Transportation systems are complex assets that are under a governance structure and managed accordingly.
- [10.1 - Transport Resilience](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/improving-transport-infrastructure/) - The resilience of transportation is challenged by congestion and the need to add capacity and better manage existing infrastructures.
- [Chapter 10 - Challenges for Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/) - Transportation is not a science, but a field of inquiry and application. As such, it tends to rely on a set of specific methodologies since transportation is a performance driven activity and this performance can be measured and compared.
- [Street Network Orientation, Selected Cities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/street-network-orientation-selected-cities/)
- [9.2 - Transport Planning and Governance](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-planning-governance/) - Transport planning focuses on the public provision and financing of transportation assets, particularly roads and public transit systems.
- [Modal Split, Journey to Work Trips, Selected Cities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/modal-split-work-trips/)
- [Evolution of the Spatial Structure of a City](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/evolution-spatial-structure-city/)
- [Types of Urban Spatial Structures](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/urban-spatial-structure-types/)
- [Chapter 8 - Urban Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/) - Considering that a growing share of the global population lives in cities, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the mobility of passengers in large urban agglomerations.
- [Freight Traffic at the World's Largest Airports, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/world-freight-airports/)
- [The Functions of Transport Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/transport-terminal-function/)
- [Latitudinal Intermediacy: COPA Airlines](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/latitudinal-intermediacy/)
- [Longitudinal Intermediacy: Icelandair](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/longitudinal-intermediacy/)
- [The World's Busiest Air Transport Routes, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/busiest-air-routes/)
- [The Maritime Transport Life Cycle and Main National Actors](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/life-cycle-maritime-transport/)
- [World Rail Network and Rail Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/world-rail-network-system/)
- [Absolute, Relative and Arbitrary Barriers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/absolute-relative-arbitrary-barriers/)
- [Food Consumed per Capita, Selected Countries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/food-consumed-selected-countries-per-capita/)
- [Estimated Famine Victims since the Mid 19th Century](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/estimated-famine-victims-since-mid-19th-century/)
- [Availability of Fresh Produce by Season and Region](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/availability-produce-season-region/)
- [Banana Ripening Room](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/banana-ripening-room/)
- [Preponderance of Fresh and Frozen Cargo by Transport Mode](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/fresh-frozen-cold-chain-transport-mode/)
- [World's Largest Urban Regions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-mega-urban-region/world-urban-regions/)
- [FAO Food Price Index, 1990-2023](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/fao-food-price-index/)
- [Empty Trucks Crossing the Border between Hong Kong and Shenzhen](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/empty-trucks-hong-kong-shenzhen/)
- [Grocery Section of a Large Food Distribution Center](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/grocery-section-distribution-center/)
- [Large Scale Grocery Cold Chain Distribution Center](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/cold-chain-logistics/grocery-cold-chain-distribution-center-schema/)
- [Global Average Food Losses by Food Type, 2010](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/global-average-food-losses-food-type/)
- [The Food Mile: Yogurt Supply Chain, Germany](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/green-logistics/food-mile-yogurt-supply-chain/)
- [Food Prices Relative to Average Hourly Wages, United States, 1919-2019](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/food-prices-relative-average-wages-united-states/)
- [World Agricultural Area, 1961-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/world-agricultural-area/)
- [Length of Growing Period (LGP), in Days](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/length-growing-period-days/)
- [The Agri-Food Supply Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/the-agri-food-supply-chain/)
- [The Food System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-global-food-systems/the-food-system/)
- [B.13 - The Containerization of Commodities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/containerization-commodities/) - Containers are increasingly being used to carry commodities such as coal or grain.
- [Turnpikes in Great Britain and Travel Hours from London, Late 18th and Early 19th Century](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/uk-turnpike-19th-century/)
- [Representations of the Effects of Distance](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/representations-effects-distance/)
- [Common Fallacies in Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/what-is-transport-geography/fallacies-transport-geography/)
- [Conventional Distance Decay Curves for Retail Activities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/retail-distance-decay-curve-conventional/)
- [Transportation Fuel Markets](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/transportation-fuel-markets/)
- [Costs of Shipping a 40 foot Container to the American East Coast](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/costs-container-shipping-united-states/)
- [Lindbergh Great Circle Path, First Transatlantic Flight, 1927](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/lindbergh-great-circle-path-first-transatlantic-flight-1927/)
- [Airport Location Factors](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/airport-location-factors/)
- [The Electric Streetcar, Lisbon, Portugal](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/electric-streetcar-lisbon/)
- [Modern Airport Terminal, Barajas, Madrid, Spain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/airport-terminal-madrid/)
- [Locks of the Montreal – Lake Ontario Section of the Seaway prior to 1901](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/locks-system-montreal-ontario-1901/)
- [The St. Lawrence / Great Lakes System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/saint-lawrence-great-lakes-system/)
- [Laker on the Seaway at Montreal](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/laker-seaway-montreal/)
- [The St. Lawrence Seaway](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/saint-lawrence-seaway-map/)
- [Welland Canal at the Niagara Escarpment](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/welland-canal-niagara/)
- [Tonnage Transiting Through the St. Lawrence Seaway, 1960-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/saint-lawrence-seaway-traffic/)
- [Laker Ship Supplying a Steel Mill in Hamilton, Ontario](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/laker-steel-mill-hamilton/)
- [Iroquois Locks, St. Lawrence Seaway](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/iroquois-locks-seaway/)
- [Technical Characteristics of the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/technical-characteristics-saint-lawrence-seaway/)
- [Composition of the Traffic Transiting Through the St. Lawrence Seaway, 1978-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/saint-lawrence-seaway-traffic-composition/)
- [First Ship to Cross the St. Lambert Lock, April 1959](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/saint-lambert-locks-seaway-1959/)
- [Construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway, 1958](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/saint-lawrence-seaway-development/saint-catherine-locks-seaway-1958/)
- [B.18 - Climate Change and the Adaptation of Transport Infrastructure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/climate-change-transport-infrastructure/) - Climate change is expected to have notable impacts on transport systems, mainly because of the risks of rising sea levels, more precipitation events, and heat waves.
- [Climate Change and its Potential Impacts on Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/climate-change-transport-infrastructure/climate-change-impacts-transportation/)
- [Main Passenger Modal Options](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/transportation-modes-modal-competition-modal-shift/passenger-modal-options/)
- [B.7 - Tourism and Transport](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/tourism-transport/) - Tourism, as an economic activity, relies on transportation to bring tourists to destinations, and transportation can be part of the touristic experience.
- [B.23 - The Digitalization of Mobility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/digitalization-of-mobility/) - The digitalization of mobility involves a modification, a substitution, or a generation of a movement. It is contingent upon the socioeconomic and geographical context in which mobility occurs.
- [B.1 - Teaching Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/teaching-transport-geography/) - Transport geography has been part of the curriculum of many geography programs, providing a significant conceptual and methodological contributions to the discipline and to transportation studies.
- [International Tourists Arrivals and Receipts, 1950-2017](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/tourism-transport/international-tourist-arrivals/)
- [Three Basic Types of Interaction Models](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/spatial-interactions-basic-models/)
- [Traffic Concentration and Lorenz Curves](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/gini-coefficient/lorenz-curve-traffic-concentration/)
- [Simple Connectivity Matrix](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/connectivitymatrix-2/)
- [Fundamentals of the Physical Internet](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/fundamentals-physical-internet/)
- [Graph Representation of a Real Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/graph-representation-real-network/)
- [Evolution of Transport Technology since the 18th Century](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/evolution-transport-technology/)
- [10.3 - Social and Environmental Responsibility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/social-environmental-responsibility/) - Social and sustainability challenges address a range of issues such as mobility gaps, transport security and climate change.
- [Public and Private Roles for Transport Infrastructure and Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-planning-governance/public-private-roles-transport-infrastructure-terminals/)
- [Resilience of Transportation Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/resilience-transportation-systems/)
- [Number of Yearly Fatalities due to Air Transport Crashes, 1918-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/air-fatalities/)
- [Chapter 9 - Transport Planning and Policy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/) - Since transportation is capable of producing significant benefits, but giving rise to many negative externalities, appropriate policies need to be devised to maximize its benefits and minimize its inconveniences.
- [Common Tools for Mitigating Urban Road Congestion](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/tools-for-mitigating-urban-road-congestion/)
- [Transit and Urban Form](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/transit-urban-form/)
- [World's Main Subway Systems, c2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/global-subway-systems/)
- [Land Rent and Land Use](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/land-rent-land-use/)
- [The Hybrid Land Use Model: Transportation and the Formation of Urban Landscapes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/hybrid-land-use-model/)
- [Transportation / Land Use Relationships](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/transportation-land-use-relationships/)
- [World's Largest Cities, 2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/world-largest-cities/)
- [Retail Logistics and E-commerce](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/retail-logistics-ecommerce/)
- [Logistics Goals and Operations](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logistics-goals-operations/)
- [The Value Chain and its Added Value](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/commodity-chains-added-value/)
- [The Value Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/sequences-value-chain/)
- [The Four Industrial Revolutions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/four-industrial-revolutions/)
- [Share of World Goods Exports, Leading Exporters, 1950-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/leading-exporters/)
- [Oil Transited at Major Strategic Locations, 2016](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/oil-transit-strategic-locations/)
- [International Trade, Transportation Chains and Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/trade-transport-chains-logistics/)
- [Chapter 7 - Trade, Logistics and Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/) - Globalization, trade and freight distribution are interrelated and concern a mobility scale that spans regions, nations and often continents.
- [Impacts of COVID-19 on Airport Passenger and Freight Activity, 2019-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/covid-19-passenger-freight-activity/)
- [Hubs of Major Air Freight Integrators](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/hubs-air-freight-integrators/)
- [Distance from CBD and Age of the World's Largest Airports](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/airport-distance-cbd/)
- [Types of Rail Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/types-rail-terminals/)
- [The Dimensions of Port Geography](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/main-port-dimensions/)
- [Physical Separation between Modes and Passengers / Cargo at Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/physical-separation-terminals/)
- [Logistics Facilities Supporting E-commerce](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logstics-facilities-ecommerce/)
- [Chapter 6 - Transportation Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/) - All spatial flows, except for personal vehicular and pedestrian trips, involve movements between terminals. Transport modes require the assembly and distribution of their traffic, both for passenger and freight.
- [Major Steps in Intermodal Integration](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/intermodal-integration-steps/)
- [Intermodal Transport Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/intermodal-transport-chain/)
- [World Rail Freight Traffic, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/world-rail-freight/)
- [World Rail Passenger Traffic, 2017](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/world-rail-passenger-traffic/)
- [The Interstate Highway System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/road-transportation/interstate-highway-system/)
- [Length of the Interstate Highway System and of the Chinese Expressway System, 1959-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/road-transportation/highway-length-china-united-states/)
- [Distribution of Freight Demand by Mode](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/transportation-modes-modal-competition-modal-shift/distribution-demand-mode/)
- [Distance, Modal Choice and Transport Cost](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/transportation-modes-modal-competition-modal-shift/distance-modal-choice-transport-cost/)
- [Main Freight Modal Options](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/transportation-modes-modal-competition-modal-shift/freight-modal-options/)
- [Economic Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transport-infrastructure-economic-impacts/)
- [Logistics Performance Index, 2023](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logistics-performance-index/)
- [Probability of Automation by Occupation Group, United States, 2018-2030](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/probability-automation-occupation-group-united-states/)
- [Strategies of Low-Cost Carriers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/low-cost-carriers/)
- [Environmental Costs Hierarchy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-environment/environmental-costs-hierarchy/)
- [Global Electric Vehicles Sales, 2010-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-sustainability-decarbonization/global-electric-vehicles-sales/)
- [Inventory in Transit at Freight Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/inventory-in-transit-freight-terminals/)
- [Main Types of Blockchain Uses](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-and-blockchains/main-types-of-blockchain-uses/)
- [Environmental Vicious Circle of Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/green-logistics/environmental-vicious-circle-logistics/)
- [The Paradoxes of Green Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/green-logistics/paradoxes-green-logistics/)
- [Material Flow Cycle](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/green-logistics/material-flows-cycle/)
- [B.10 - Transportation and Blockchains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-and-blockchains/) - Blockchains, which are distributed electronic ledgers, can help support the transactional complexity of logistics and intermodal transportation.
- [Share of Employed Females by Profession, United States, 2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-society/share-employed-females-profession-united-states/)
- [Global Supply Chain Pressure Index and Major Supply Chain Disruptions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/global-supply-chain-pressure-index/)
- [Diffusion of Personal Computing Devices, 1977-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/personal-computing-devices/)
- [Container Identification System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/container-identification-system/)
- [Carrying Capacity of Containers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/container-carrying-capacity/)
- [The p-Median Problem](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/location-allocation-models/p-median-problem/)
- [The Location-Allocation Principle](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/location-allocation-models/location-allocation-principle/)
- [Weighted Median Location of Amazon Distribution Facilities, 2023](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/location-allocation-models/weighted-median-location-amazon-distribution-facilities/)
- [The Implementation of an Environmental Management System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-environmental-management/the-implementation-of-an-environmental-management-system/)
- [Calculation of the Index of Dissimilarity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/gini-coefficient/dissimilarity-index-calculation/)
- [World’s Largest Container Ports, Passenger Airports and Freight Airports](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/gini-coefficient/gini-coefficient-container-airports/)
- [The Lorenz Curve](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/gini-coefficient/lorenz-curve/)
- [Huff's Law](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/huff-law-retail/)
- [Reilly's Law](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/reilly-law-retail/)
- [Hotelling's Principle of Market Competition](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/hotelling-market-competition/)
- [Supply, Demand and Equilibrium Price](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/supply-demand-equilibrium-price/)
- [Non-Isotropic Conditions and the Shape of Market Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/market-area-non-isotropic-conditions/)
- [The Optimal Shape of a Market Area](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/optimal-market-area-shape/)
- [Market Profitability](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/market-profitability/)
- [Market Size and Threshold](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/market-size-threshold/)
- [Market Threshold and Range](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/market-area-analysis/market-threshold-range/)
- [Supply Chain Analysis](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/commodity-chain-analysis/)
- [Causes of Road Transportation Bottlenecks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/causes-road-transportation-bottlenecks/)
- [Critical Density and Critical Speed](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-technical-economic-performance-indicators/critical-density-critical-speed/)
- [Levels of Service for Road Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-technical-economic-performance-indicators/levels-of-service-road-transportation/)
- [Continuous and Discontinuous Traffic](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-technical-economic-performance-indicators/continuous-discontinuous-traffic/)
- [Heuristic Method for Cost Minimization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/heuristic-method-cost-minimization/)
- [Heuristic Method for Traffic Maximization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/heuristic-method-traffic-maximization/)
- [Two Perspectives for Considering Traffic](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/perspectives-considering-traffic/)
- [Traffic Assignment Problem](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/traffic-assignment-problem/)
- [Cost Minimization and Efficiency Maximization in Route Selection](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/cost-minimization-efficiency-maximization-route-selection/)
- [Effect of Transport Costs on Route Selection](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/effect-transport-costs-route-selection/)
- [The Traveling Salesperson Problem](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/route-selection-process/traveling-salesperson-problem/)
- [Object-Oriented Network Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/object-oriented-network-model/)
- [Topological Representation of a Simple Network in a Relational Database](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/relational-database-simple-network/)
- [Estimated Air Pollutants Emitted by Highway Transportation in the United States, 1970-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-environment/air-pollutants-highway-united-states/)
- [The ESRI Shapefile Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/esri-shapefile-model/)
- [Routing in a Network Data Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/network-data-model-routing/)
- [Geocoding in a Network Data Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/network-data-model-geocoding/)
- [Cartography of a Network Data Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/network-data-model-cartography/)
- [Topology of a Network Data Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/network-data-model-topology/)
- [Chicago's beta Values for Air Transportation, 1949-1989](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/chicago-beta-graph-air/)
- [Effects of beta, alpha and lambda on Spatial Interactions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/spatial-interactions-beta-alpha-lambda/)
- [Relationship between Distance and Interactions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/spatial-interactions-distance-decay/)
- [Four Stages Transportation / Land Use Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/transportation-land-use-four-stages-model/)
- [Constructing an O/D Matrix](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/od-matrix-construction/)
- [Representation of a Movement as a Spatial Interaction](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/spatial-interactions-movement/)
- [Conditions for the Realization of a Spatial Interaction](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/spatial-interactions-gravity-model/conditions-spatial-interaction/)
- [Ownership of Major North American Rail Lines, 2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/rail-ownership-north-america/)
- [The Burgess Urban Land Use Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/burgess-land-use/)
- [Volcanic Ash Plume across the North Atlantic, 2010](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/iceland-volcanic-ash-atlantic-2010/)
- [Coronavirus (COVID-19) Reported Daily New Cases, 2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/coronavirus-covid-19-reported-daily-new-cases/)
- [Impacts of Pandemics on Supply Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/impacts-pandemics-supply-chains/)
- [The Logistics Stronghold Concept](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/the-logistics-stronghold-concept/)
- [West Texas Intermediate, Monthly Nominal Spot Oil Price (1970-2022)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/west-texas-intermediate-spot-price/)
- [Empty Drugstore Shelves from Hoarding Behavior](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/empty-drugstore-shelves-hoarding-behavior/)
- [Diffusion of a Pandemic through a Global Transportation Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/diffusion-pandemic-transport-network/)
- [Impacts of Transportation on the Velocity and Extent of a Pandemic](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/transport-velocity-pandemic/)
- [Basic Reproduction Number (R0) of Major Infectious Diseases](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/basic-reproduction-number-r0-of-major-infectious-diseases/)
- [Influenza-Like Illnesses per 100,000 Population, Selected Countries, 2003-2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/influenza-symptoms-selected-countries/)
- [Main Factors behind the Global Spread of Diseases](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-pandemics/main-factors-global-spread-diseases/)
- [Transitivity in a Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/transitivity-graph/)
- [Hierarchy in a Graph (h)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/hierarchy-graph-h/)
- [Gamma Index in a Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/gamma-index-graph/)
- [Alpha Index in a Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/alpha-index-graph/)
- [Beta Index in Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/beta-index-graph/)
- [Theta Index in Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/theta-index-graph/)
- [Eta Index in a Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/eta-index-graph/)
- [Pi Index and the Shape of Transportation Networks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/pi-index-shape-transport-network/)
- [The Effects of Topography on Route Selection](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/topography-route-selection/)
- [Cost in a Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/cost-graph/)
- [Potential Services Offered by a Logistics Zone](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/table_logistics_services/)
- [Economic Benefits and Costs of Logistic Zones](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/economic-benefits-logistics-zones/)
- [Functions Performed at Logistic Zones](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/logistics-zones-functions/)
- [Logistic Centric Industrial Park, Wheatland, Pennsylvania](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/logistic_centric_industrial_park/)
- [Main Advantages of Port-Centric Logistic Zones](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/port-centric-logistics-advantages/)
- [Types of Logistic Zones](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/taxonomy-logistic-zones/)
- [Taxonomy of Logistics Clusters](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/taxonomy-logistics-clusters/)
- [The Evolution of the Scope and Taxonomy of Logistic Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-zones-freight-distribution-clusters/taxonomy-logistics-zones-evolution/)
- [Changes in the Diameter of a Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-measures-indices/diameter-change-graph/)
- [Isthmus Connection](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/isthmus-connection-graph/)
- [Articulation Node](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/articulation-node/)
- [Connectivity in a Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/connectivity/)
- [Dual Graph](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/dual-graph/)
- [Ego Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/ego-network-graph/)
- [Length of a Link, Connection or Path](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/length-link-connection-path/)
- [Connections and Paths](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/connections-paths-graph/)
- [Planar and Non-Planar Graphs](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/planar-non-planar-graph/)
- [The Impacts of E-commerce on Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/ecommerce-freight-distribution-impacts/)
- [Nodal Region](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/graph-theory-definition-properties/nodal-region/)
- [Topological and Contiguous Accessibility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/accessplace/)
- [Potential Accessibility](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/potaccessibility/)
- [Valued Graph Matrix (L-Matrix)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/valuedgraph/)
- [Shimbel Distance Matrix (D-Matrix)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/shimbelmatrix/)
- [The "Four Ts" in International Trade](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/four-ts-trade/)
- [Creation of a Connectivity Matrix with a Link Table](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/network-data-models/connectivity-matrix-creation-link-table/)
- [Relationship between Distance and Opportunities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transportation-accessibility/accessopportunities-2/)
- [Major Map Elements](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-symbolization-gis/major-map-elements/)
- [Visual Resources and Geographical Features](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-symbolization-gis/visual-resources-geography/)
- [A.3 - Symbolization of Transport Features in a GIS](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-symbolization-gis/) - Symbolization is the set of graphic methods used to convert cartographic information into a visual representation of transportation features.
- [Visual Resources](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-symbolization-gis/visual-resources-mapping/)
- [The Symbolization of Transport Features](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/transport-symbolization-gis/transport-features-symbolization/)
- [Probability of a Geomagnetic Storm with a Field Change Greater than 300 Nanoteslas per Minute (22-year cycle)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/probability-geomagnetic-storm/)
- [Logistic Activities and their Green Dimensions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/green-logistics/logistics-green-dimensions/)
- [Supply Chains and Blockchains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-and-blockchains/supply-chains-and-blockchains/)
- [High Rack Storage at Skechers Automated Distribution Center, Moreno, California](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/high-rack-storage-skechers-distribution-center/)
- [Specifications for Very Large Post-Panamax Containerships](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/post-panamax-containerships-specifications/)
- [Panamax Containership at the Port of Le Havre](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/mscdiego-2/)
- [Stages in a Bubble](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/bubble-stages/)
- [Key Aerotropolis Developments](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/aerotropolis/)
- [Vertical and Lateral Passenger Flows at an Airport Terminal](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/passenger-flows-in-an-airport-terminal/)
- [Phonsavan Airfield, Laos](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/phosavan-airfield-laos/)
- [World's Largest Freight Airports](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/worldfrtairports/)
- [Public and Private Roles in Port Management](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/public-private-roles-ports/)
- [World's Major Ports, 2016](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/world-major-ports-tonnage/)
- [Port Elizabeth Intermodal Complex, Port of New York / New Jersey](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/port-elizabeth-intermodal-complex/)
- [Air Hubs and Market Fragmentation at Chicago](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/hubs-market-fragmentation-chicago/)
- [Airline Deregulation and Hub-and-Spoke Networks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/hub-spoke-deregulation/)
- [Air Transportation Growth and Economic Growth, 1950-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/air-transport-economic-growth/)
- [Amazon Air Boeing 767](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/amazon-air-boeing-767/)
- [Concorde Supersonic Services, 1976-2003](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/concorde-services/)
- [Early Intercontinental Air Routes, 1930s](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/early-air-networks/)
- [40-Foot Containers Doublestacked on a Rail Car](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/doublestack-railcar/)
- [Major Rail Stations and Rail Lines in the Paris Metropolitan Area](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/major-rail-stations-paris-metropolitan/)
- [GIS Data Models](https://transportgeography.org/contents/methods/geographic-information-systems-transportation/gis-data-models/)
- [Global Plate Tectonics and Seismic Activity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/global-plate-tectonics/)
- [Factors behind the Development of Transport Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/factors-behind-the-development-of-transport-systems/)
- [The Drivers of Trade and Globalization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/drivers-trade-globalization/)
- [Maglev Train, Shanghai](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/maglev-shanghai/)
- [Competitive Advantages of Multinational Corporations](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/competitive-advantages-multinational-corporations/)
- [Visualization of a Cargo Airship Prototype](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/cargo-airship-prototype/)
- [Number of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones by Month (1851-2018)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/atlantic-tropical-cyclones-by-month/)
- [Footprint of UPS Chicago Area Consolidation Hub](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/environmental-footprint-of-transportation/footprint-cach-chicago/)
- [The Paradox of Mobility and its Costs](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-environment/mobility-paradox-costs/)
- [Major Crude Oil Reserves, 2000-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/crude-oil-reserves/)
- [World Annual Oil Production and Peak Oil](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/peak-oil/)
- [Demand for Refined Petroleum Products by Sector in the United States](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/petroleum-demand-united-states/)
- [Fuel Consumption and Fuel Efficiency](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/fuel-consumption-efficiency/)
- [Factors of Energy Use by Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/transportation-energy-use-factors/)
- [Global Energy Systems Transition](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/energy-systems-transition/)
- [Annual Energy Consumption in England and Wales, 1560s to 1850s](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/energy-consumption-england-1560-1850/)
- [Evolution of Energy Sources](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/energy-sources-evolution/)
- [Sources of Energy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/energy-sources/)
- [Transportation Yield Management](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/transportation-yield-management/)
- [Transport Supply, Demand and Travel Time](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/supdemtime-2/)
- [Road Transport Elasticity by Activity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/elasticity-road-transport/)
- [Impacts of Modal Competition and Intermodal Capacity on Transport Supply](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/transport-supply-modal-competition/)
- [Major Supply Variables for Transportation Modes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/transport-modes-sypply-variables/)
- [Types of Transportation Demand](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/provision-and-demand-of-transportation/types-transportation-demand/)
- [Retail Gasoline Prices and Annual Vehicle Mileage, United States, 1960-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/vehicle-mileage-gasoline-prices-united-states/)
- [Shipment Size and Inland Transport Costs](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/inland-transport-costs-shipment-size/)
- [Maritime Transportation Rates for a 40 Foot Container between Selected Ports, 2010](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/container-shipping-rates-40-foot-container/)
- [Cost to Import a 20 Foot Container, 2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/import-costs-container-teu/)
- [Freight Transportation Service Spectrum](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/freight-transport-service-spectrum/)
- [Components of Transport Cost](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/transport-costs-components/)
- [Fixed and Operating Transport Costs](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/transport-costs-fixed-operating/)
- [Household Expenditures on Transport, United States, 2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/household-expenditures-transport-united-states/)
- [Noise Levels from Different Sources](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-environment/noise-levels/)
- [Probability of Pedestrian Fatality by Impact Speed](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-society/pedestrian-fatality-impact-speed/)
- [Just-in-Time and its Logistic](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/logistics-just-in-time/)
- [Technology Hype Cycle](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/technology-hype-cycle/)
- [The Baltic Dry Index, 1985-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/baltic-dry-index/)
- [Impact of Recessions on Consumption, Production, and Trade](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/recessions-consumption-production-trade/)
- [Business Cycles and Misallocations](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/business-cycles-booms-busts/)
- [Cycles, Space and Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/cycles-space-transport/)
- [Time Sequence and Nature of Impacts of Transport Investments](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transport-investments-time-sequence/)
- [A Multi-Layer Perspective about Transport and Economic Development](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/layers-transport-economic-development/)
- [Transport Economic Indicators](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transport-economic-indicators/)
- [Resource-Based Transport Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transport-system-resources/)
- [Wealth Consumption Investment in Transport Infrastructure: Repaving a Sidewalk](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/wealth-consumption-investment-sidewalk/)
- [Socioeconomic Benefits of Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transportation-socio-economic-benefits/)
- [Transport Infrastructure Investment and Maintenance Spending as Share of GDP, 2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transport-infrastructure-investment-maintenance/)
- [Share of Transport Costs in Product Prices and Average Domestic Haul Length](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transport-costs-prices-domestic-haul-united-states/)
- [Employment in Transportation, United States, 1990-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/transportation-employment-united-states/)
- [Services and their Associated Infrastructures](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-economic-development/infrastructures-services/)
- [Information Technologies and the Corporate Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/information-technologies-and-mobility/information-technologies-corporate-structure/)
- [Forms of Transport Automation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/forms-of-transport-automation/)
- [Number of Monthly Trips by for Hire Services, New York City](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/monthly-trips-for-hire-services-new-york/)
- [Blockchains and Value Creation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-and-blockchains/blockchains-and-value-creation/)
- [The Core Principles of Digital Ledgers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-and-blockchains/the-core-principles-of-blockchains/)
- [Types of Economies in Production, Distribution and Consumption](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/economies-production-distribution-consumption/)
- [China's Special Economic Zones](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/special-economic-zones-china/)
- [Behavioral Approach to Location](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/location-behavioral-approach/)
- [Strategic Decision Making in Location](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/location-strategic-decision-making/)
- [Factors in Urban Location](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/urban-location-factors/)
- [Land Use Values by Activity Sectors](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/land-use-activity-sectors/)
- [Central Places in Urban Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/central-places-urban-areas/)
- [World High Speed Rail Systems, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/high-speed-rail-system-world/)
- [Growth Poles Theory](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/growth-poles-theory/)
- [Variations of the Central Places Theory](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/central-places-theory-variations/)
- [Market Size / Area Relationships in the Central Places Theory](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/central-places-theory-urban-system/)
- [Central Places Theory (Market Principle)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/central-places-theory-market-principle/)
- [Conceptual Corridor Development](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/corridor-development/)
- [Core-Periphery Stages of Development in an Urban System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/urban-system-core-periphery/)
- [Delimitation and Variations in Market Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/delimitation-market-areas/)
- [World's 250 Largest Corporations by Head Office City](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/largest-corporations-head-office-map/)
- [The Components of Nodal Connectivity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/components-connectivity-geography/)
- [The Relevance of Connectivity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/relevance-connectivity/)
- [Poles of the Global Economy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/global-economy-poles/)
- [Trade, Connectivity and Spatial Inequalities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/trade-connectivity-inequalities/)
- [Factors behind Empty Transport Flows](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/empty-back-haul-factors/)
- [The Footprint of Retail-Based and Distribution-Based Commercial Activities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/commercial-retail-footprint-distribution/)
- [The Nature of a Supply Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/supply-chain-nature/)
- [Monthly Retail Sales and Inventories, United States, 1992-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/monthly-retail-sales-united-states/)
- [World Nominal GDP, 2000-21](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/world-nominal-gdp/)
- [Global Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index, 2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/world-gdp-capita-human-development-index/)
- [World Automobile Production and Fleet, 1965-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/road-transportation/automobile-production-fleet-world/)
- [Drivers of Change in Manufacturing](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/change-manufacturing-drivers/)
- [GDP Share of Manufacturing, Selected Countries, 1970-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/gdp-share-manufacturing/)
- [Share of East Asia in the Value of World Merchandise Trade, 1980-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/east-asia-share-global-trade/)
- [Types of Competitive Advantages](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/competitive-advantages-types/)
- [Share of the World's GDP, 1CE - 2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-commercial-geography/world-gdp-historical/)
- [Global Production per Car Manufacturer, 1998-2017](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/car-production-manufacturer/)
- [US Household Penetration of Telecommunications, 1920-2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/household-telecommunications-united-states/)
- [Moore's Law (Transistors per Microprocessor), 1971-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/moore-law-transistors/)
- [Wright Brothers First Flight, 1903](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/wright-brothers-flight-1903/)
- [United States Maritime Commission Cargo Ships, 1938-1947](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/usmc-cargo-ships/)
- [Length of the British Railway System, 1830-1860](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/uk-rail-system-1830-1860/)
- [Erie Canal, New York, 1829](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/erie-canal-1829/)
- [Bridgewater Canal, Manchester, 1767](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/bridgewater-canal-manchester-1767/)
- [Dutch East India Company, Trade Network, 18th Century](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/dutch-east-india-company-trade-network/)
- [Early European Maritime Expeditions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/european-maritime-expeditions-16th-century/)
- [Early European Sailships](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/early-sailships/)
- [Historical Urban Location Factors](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/emergence-of-mechanized-transportation-systems/urban-defense-commerce/)
- [Regional Space/Time Convergence, (London - Edinburgh, New York - Boston)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/space-time-convergence-london-edingburg-new-york-boston/)
- [Transportation Networks and Geographical Specialization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/transportation-networks-specialization/)
- [The Spatial Structure and Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/spatial-structure-transportation-components/)
- [Site and Situation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/site-situation-concept/)
- [Land Covered by Permafrost](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/land-covered-by-permafrost/)
- [Major Oceanic Gyres and Sea Currents](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/transportation-and-space/world-oceanic-gyres-currents/)
- [Forces of Geographical Concentration and Dispersion](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/concentrationdispersionforces/)
- [Global Net Migration (2010-2015)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/global-net-migration/)
- [The Trans-Asian Railway (Eurasian Landbridge)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/aurasian-landbridge/)
- [The North American Landbridge](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-bottlenecks/north-america-landbridge/)
- [Absolute and Relative Distance in a Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/absolute-relative-distance-network/)
- [Modes of Territorial Occupation by Transport Networks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/territorial-occupation-transportation-networks/)
- [Network Topology and Connectivity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/network-topology-connectivity/)
- [Transport Rates and Network Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/network-structure-transport-rates/)
- [Network Topologies](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/typenettopo-2/)
- [Impacts of Integration Processes on Networks and Flows](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/spatial-integration-networks-flows/)
- [Detour Level in a Hub-and-Spoke Network](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/detour-hub-and-spoke-network/)
- [Structural Components of Transport Networks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/transport-network-structural-components/)
- [Network Structures](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/geography-of-transportation-networks/network-structure/)
- [Risks in Global Supply Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/supply-chain-risks/)
- [Transportation Infrastructures and their Constraints](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-spatial-organization/transportation-infrastructures-constraints/)
- [Passengers Mobility Transition](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-society/mobility-transition-passengers/)
- [Digital Mobility as a Service](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/information-technologies-and-mobility/mobility-as-a-service/)
- [Public / Private Partnership Options for Building Transportation Facilities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/financing-transportation-infrastructure/public-private-partnership-options/)
- [The North American Intermodal Rail System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/intermodal-rail-north-america/)
- [Transport Resilience Building Process](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/transport-resilience-building-process/)
- [Response Options to a Transport Disruption](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/response-options-transport-disruption/)
- [Percentage of Respondents Reporting Disruptions to Specific Incidents, 2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transportation-and-disasters/respondents-reporting-disruptions-incidents/)
- [Closure of the North American Airspace, September 11, 2001](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-safety-security/closing-airspace-september-11/)
- [Transport Security Measures](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-safety-security/transport-security-measures/)
- [Transport Security Dimensions](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-safety-security/transport-security-dimensions/)
- [Main Sources of Cyberattacks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-safety-security/main-sources-cyberattacks/)
- [Thefts by Type of Cargo and Location, World, 2019](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-safety-security/thefts-type-cargo-location-world/)
- [Thefts by Type of Cargo and Location, United States, 2016](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-safety-security/thefts-type-cargo-united-states/)
- [Vicious Circle of Congestion](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/vicious-circle-congestion/)
- [Rationale of Transport Privatization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/nature-transport-policy/rationale-transport-privatization/)
- [The Time Horizon and Decision Structure of Transport Planning](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-planning-governance/time-horizon-decision-structure-transport-planning/)
- [The Transport Planning Process](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/transport-planning-governance/the-transport-planning-process/)
- [Common Flaws in Forecasting](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/flaws-forecasting/)
- [The Prediction of Future Outcomes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/conclusion/future-transportation-systems/prediction-future-outcomes/)
- [Common Problems Linked with Government Intervention](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/nature-transport-policy/common-problems-intervention/)
- [Improving Urban Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/logistics-policies-urban/)
- [Supporting Digitalization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/logistics-policies-information/)
- [Promoting Sustainable Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/logistics-policies-niche/)
- [Developing Logistics Capabilities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/logistics-policies-capabilities/)
- [Providing a Footprint for Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/logistics-policies-land-base/)
- [Improving the Connectivity of Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/logistics-policies-global-interface/)
- [Improving Trade Facilitation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/logistics-policies-trade-facilitation/)
- [Logistics Policy Bottlenecks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/logistics-policies/logistics-policy-bottlenecks/)
- [Shift in Public Transport Policy Perspective](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/nature-transport-policy/shift-transport-policy/)
- [Transport Regulations](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter9/nature-transport-policy/transport-regulations/)
- [The Bullwhip Effect on Supply Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/bullwhip-effect-supply-chains/)
- [The Supply Chain and its Cycles](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/supply-chain-cycles/)
- [Transit Fare for the New York City Subway, 1904-2015 (inflation adjusted)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/subway-fare-new-york/)
- [Farebox Recovery Ratio, Selected Transit Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/world-farebox-ratio/)
- [Average Daily Commuting Time, Selected Countries, 2015 (in minutes)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/average-commuting-time/)
- [Recurring Congestion](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/recurring-congestion/)
- [Major Sources of Recurring and Non-Recurring Congestion](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/sources-congestion-recurring/)
- [Parking Accumulation by Land Use by Time of the Day](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/parking-land-use/)
- [Traffic Index, Selected Metropolitan Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/traffic-index-metropolitan-areas/)
- [GDP Per Capita and Congestion Index, Selected Cities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/urban-density-speed/)
- [Travel Time Index per Year, Selected American Cities, 1982-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/travel-time-index-united-states-2/)
- [Average Number of Hours of Delay per Auto Commuter per Year, Selected American Cities, 1982-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/traffic-delays-united-states/)
- [Automobile Dependency and Urban Spatial Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/level-automobile-dependency/)
- [Land Use Footprint in Selected Central Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/land-use-footprint-central-areas/)
- [Factors Contributing to the Growth of Driving](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/factors-driving-growth/)
- [Geographical Paradoxes behind Urban Transport Challenges](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/geographical-paradoxes-urban-transport/)
- [Percentage of Households by Number of Vehicles, 1960-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/household-vehicles-united-states/)
- [Pedestrian Fatalities, United States, 1990-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-society/pedestrian-fatalities-united-states/)
- [Principles of Modal Shift](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/transportation-modes-modal-competition-modal-shift/modal-shift-principles/)
- [Road Fatalities per 100,000 People, Selected Countries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transportation-and-society/road-fatalities-selected-countries/)
- [Home-to-Work Commute Profile, United States, 1977-2017](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/home-to-work-united-states/)
- [City Size and Travel Time Index, United States, 1982-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/travel-time-index-united-states/)
- [Central Business District Monthly Parking Rate, 2011](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-transport-challenges/parking-rate-cbd/)
- [Suitability of Travel Modes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/suitability-of-travel-modes/)
- [Transit and Urban Land Use Impacts](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/transit-land-use-impacts/)
- [Accessibility along a Transit Line](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/accessibility-transit/)
- [Weekly Distribution of Transit Scheduled Trips and Uber Pickups, Los Angeles](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/weekly-distribution-transit-trips-uber-pickups-los-angeles/)
- [BTS Skytrain, Bangkok](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/skytrain-bangkok/)
- [Components of an Urban Transit System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/components-urban-transit/)
- [Light Rail Transit, Lyon, France](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/light-rail-lyon/)
- [Mobility Gaps in Urban Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/mobility-gaps-urban/)
- [Daily Person Miles of Travel per Person by Age and Gender, 2017](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/travel-age-gender/)
- [Urban Travel by Purpose and by Time of the Day in a Typical City](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/urban-travel-trip-purpose/)
- [Typical Activity Space of an Urban Working Adult](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/activity-space-adult/)
- [Average Annual Person Trips per Household by Trip Purpose, United States, 1983-2017](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/person-trips-household/)
- [Income and Urban Transport Demand](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/income-urban-transport-demand/)
- [Trips by Public Transport in the United States, 1903-2019](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/transit-ridership-united-states/)
- [Transit Technology and Urban Development, Late 19th - Early 20th Century](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-mobility/transit-technology-urban-development/)
- [Dynamics of Urban Change](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/dynamics-urban-change/)
- [Contemporary Modifications to the Land Rent Theory](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/land-rent-theory-modifications/)
- [Land Rent Theory and Rent Curve](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/land-rent-theory-curve/)
- [Sector and Nuclei Urban Land Use Representations](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/sector-nuclei-land-use/)
- [Population Density Changes by Census Block, Chicago 2000-2010](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/population-changes-chicago/)
- [Inference of Von Thunen's Model to Continental United States](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/von-thunen-continental-united-states/)
- [Von Thunen's Regional Land Use Model](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/von-thunen-regional-land-use/)
- [Weber's Location Triangle](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter2/transport-and-location/weber-location-triangle/)
- [The Evolution of Supply Chain Management](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/evolution-supply-chain-management/)
- [Types of Land Use Zoning](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/land-use-zoning/)
- [Types of Land Use Zoning](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/land-use-zoning/)
- [Types of Urban Expansion](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/urban-expansion/)
- [Transport Infrastructure and Activity Location](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/transport-infrastructure-activity-location/)
- [Relationships between Land Uses](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/land-use-relationships/)
- [Formal and Functional Land Use](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/formal-functional-land-use/)
- [Transportation, Activity Systems and Land Use](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/transportation-activity-land-use/)
- [Media](https://transportgeography.org/media/) - Media elements
- [Transportation, Urban Form and Spatial Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/transport-urban-form/)
- [Suburban Development along a Highway Interchange](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/suburban-development-highway-interchange/)
- [The Rationale of a Ring Road](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/ring-road/)
- [Scale and Urban Spatial Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/scale-urban-spatial-structure/)
- [Transportation and the Urban Spatial Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/transport-urban-spatial-structure/)
- [Performance of Urban Transport Modes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/urban-transport-modes-performance/)
- [Urban Transport Development Paths](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/urban-transport-development-paths/)
- [Average Commuting Time (One Way), Selected Metropolitan Areas](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/average-commuting-time/)
- [Evolution of Transportation and Urban Form in North America and Europe](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/evolution-transport-urban-form/)
- [Possible Urban Mobility Patterns](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/urban-movement-patterns/)
- [Evolution of Urban Densities in North America and Europe](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/evolution-urban-density/)
- [Population Density of the World's Largest Metropolitan Areas, 2012](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/global-urban-density/)
- [Street Network Types](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/street-network-types/)
- [One Hour Commuting According to Different Urban Transportation Modes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/one-hour-commuting/)
- [Cities and Connectivity](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/cities-connectivity/)
- [Perspectives about the Urban Spatial Structure: From Dichotomy to Continuum](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/dichotomy-continuum-urban-spatial-structure/)
- [Share of Housing Units Equipped with Air Conditioning by Region in the United States, 1980-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/air-conditioning-housing-united-states/)
- [Urban Population per Region, 1950-2030](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/urban-population-percentage/)
- [Globalization and Urbanization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/globalization-urbanization/)
- [World Urban Population, 1950-2015 with Projections to 2050](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/world-urban-population/)
- [World's Largest Cities, 1850](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/transportation-urban-form/world-largest-cities-1850/)
- [Cross-Docking Distribution Center](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/cross-docking-distribution-center/)
- [E-Commerce Facilities Operated by Amazon in the United States, 2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/e-commerce-facilities-amazon-united-states/)
- [The Logistics Virtuous and Vicious Cycles](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logistics-virtuous-vicious-cycles/)
- [The Last Mile in Inland Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/last-mile-inland-freight-distribution/)
- [Elements of Last Mile Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/elements-last-mile-logisitcs/)
- [Optimal Location and Throughput by Number of Freight Distribution Centers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/optimal-distribution-center-location/)
- [Freight Distribution and Network Strategies](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/freight-distribution-network-strategies/)
- [Proximity and Intermediacy for Distribution Clusters](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/proximity-intermediacy-distribution-clusters/)
- [Conventional and Contemporary Arrangement of Freight Flows](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/flow-goods-contemporary/)
- [Elements of Supply Chain Connectivity and Integration](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/supply-chain-connectivity-integration-coordination/)
- [Main Core Competencies of Third Party Logistics Providers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/3pl-core-competencies/)
- [Layers to Logistics Services](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/layers-logistics-services/)
- [Key Drivers for Third and Fourth Party Logistics Providers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/3pl-4pl-logistics/)
- [Changes in the Logistical Orientation of Distribution Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logistical-orientation-distribution/)
- [Expected Benefits of Blockchains on Supply Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/transportation-and-blockchains/expected-benefits-of-blockchains-on-supply-chains/)
- [Comparison Between Retail and E-commerce Cost Structures](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/ecommerce-cost-structure/)
- [Value-added Activities Performed at Logistic Zones](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/value-added-logisitcs-zones/)
- [Advantages of Logistic Zones](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logistics-zones-advantages/)
- [From Push to Pull Logistics](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/push-pull-logistics/)
- [Logistics Costs and Economic Development](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logistics-costs-economic-development/)
- [Global Logistics Costs by Function and Mode, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/global-logistics-costs-function/)
- [Total Logistics Costs Tradeoff](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/total-logistics-costs-tradeoff/)
- [Asynchrony and Distribution Centers](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/asynchronism-distribution/)
- [The Role of Distribution Centers and Warehouses](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/distribution-center-warehouse-role/)
- [Value-Added Functions and Differentiation of Supply Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/logistics-added-value-differentiation/)
- [Distribution and Related Logistics Activities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/logistics-freight-distribution/distribution-and-related-logistics-activities/)
- [Third Party Less-than-Truckload Service, FedEx](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/road-transportation/ltl-fedex/)
- [Fordist and a Post-Fordist Production System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/fordism-post-fordism/)
- [Maintaining Temperature Integrity along a Cold Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/cold-chain-integrity/)
- [The Velocity of Freight](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/velocity-freight/)
- [Benefits of Improved Freight Transportation on Value Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/benefits-freight-value-chains/)
- [Global Production Networks and Location Strategies](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/location-strategies-global-production-networks/)
- [The Functional and Geographical Integration of Value Chains](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/functional-geographical-integration/)
- [Global Production Networks](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/global-production-networks/)
- [Share of the World Commodity Consumption, China and United States, c2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/usa-china-commodity-consumption/)
- [Value Chains and Freight Transport Systems](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/freight-transport-value-chains/)
- [Upgrading the Value Chain](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/value-chain-upgrading/)
- [Product Life Cycle](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/product-life-cycle/)
- [The Transition Towards Manufacturing Capabilities](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/manufacturing-capabilities/)
- [Disconnection of Global Production and Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/global-production-distribution/)
- [Types of Corporations by Multinational Expansion Strategy](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/types-corporations-multinational-expansion-strategy/)
- [Offshoring, Nearshoring and Farshoring](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/offshoring-nearshoring-farshoring/)
- [The Corporation and its Expansion](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/corporation-expansion/)
- [The Corporation as a Decision, Management and Planning Unit](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/corporation-decision-management-planning-unit/)
- [Industrial Agglomeration and Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/industrial-agglomeration-transportation/)
- [Manufacturing Cost Structure](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/manufacturing-cost-structure/)
- [Elements of an Economic System](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/freight-transportation-value-chains/economic-system/)
- [Standard International Trade Classification (SITC)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/standard-international-trade-classification/)
- [Value Creation and Capture, iPhone 4](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/value-creation-iphone/)
- [Shortest Air Route between London and Sydney, 1955 - 2025](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/london-sydney-air-routes/)
- [World's Largest Exporters and Importers, 2015-20](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/leading-exporters-importers/)
- [World's 20 Largest Corporations by Revenue, 2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/largest-corporations-revenue/)
- [Trends in Fuel Efficiency, Selected Passenger Jet Planes](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/aircraft-energy-efficiency/)
- [Daily Air Travelers in the United States, 2019-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/daily-air-travelers-united-states/)
- [Merchandise Exports per Region, 1948-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/exports-per-region/)
- [Air Freedom Rights](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/air-freedom-rights/)
- [New York / Hong Kong Air Routes: Conventional and Polar](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/new-york-hong-kong-air-routes/)
- [Boeing 707](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter1/the-setting-of-global-transportation-systems/boeing-707/)
- [Merchandise Exports by Trade Agreement, 2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/exports-trade-agreement/)
- [Selected Transcontinental DC-3 Routes, Late 1930s](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/continental-dc3-routes-1930s/)
- [Global Trade, 2017](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/global-trade/)
- [Changes in the Value World's Merchandise Trade, Production and GDP, 1950-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/merchandise-trade-changes/)
- [Passenger and Freight Traffic at East and Southeast Asian Airports, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/passenger-freight-airports-east-asia/)
- [Airport Passenger Traffic by Metropolitan Area, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/airport-passenger-metropolitan-area/)
- [Main Air Transport Service Ranges (From New York)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/air-service-ranges/)
- [Regional Averages in Trading Across Borders, 2012](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/customs-delays/)
- [Levels of Economic Integration](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/economic-integration-levels/)
- [Favorable and Contentious Factors in International Trade](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/trade-contention/)
- [Absolute and Comparative Advantages](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/absolute-comparative-advantages/)
- [Rail Track Mileage and Number of Class I Rail Carriers, United States, 1830-2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/rail-transportation-pipelines/rail-track-mileage-united-states/)
- [Economic Rationale of Trade](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/economic-rationale-trade/)
- [The Flows of Globalization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/globalization-international-trade/flows-globalization/)
- [Cross-Border North American Freight by Mode, 2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/nafta-modal-share/)
- [Alternative Airports](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/alternative-airports/)
- [Types of International Boundaries](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/international-boundaries-types/)
- [Types of Free Zones](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/free-zones-types/)
- [Modal Shares of World Trade by Volume and Value, 2008](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter7/transborder-crossborder-transportation/world-trade-modal-share/)
- [Mumbai Airport Takeoff Queue](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/mumbai-airport-takeoff-queue/)
- [Hourly Level of Activity at Selected Airports, 2015](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/hourly-level-activity-selected-airports/)
- [Dun Huang Airfield, China](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/dun-huang-airport/)
- [Distribution of Airports by Altitude](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/airport-altitude/)
- [Airport Components and Terminal Configurations](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/airport-terminals-configuration/)
- [Passenger and Freight Traffic at North American Airports, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/passenger-freight-airports-north-america/)
- [Passenger and Freight Traffic at European Airports, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/passenge-freight-airports-europe/)
- [Corporate Headquarters and Metropolitan Population, United States](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/headquarters-airports/)
- [Airbus A350-941](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/airbus-a350-941/)
- [Marrakech Menara Airport](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/marrakech-menara-airport/)
- [Geographical Scales of Airport Location](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/scale-airport-location/)
- [Factors Impacting Airport Traffic](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/factors-impacting-airport-traffic/)
- [Airport Hubbing Level](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/airport-hubbing/)
- [B.22 - Rail Deregulation in the United States](https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/rail-deregulation-united-states/)
- [Ownership of North American Intermodal Rail Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/intermodal-rail-terminals-north-america/)
- [Rail Bundling Strategies and Operational Time](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/rail-bundling/)
- [Road / Rail Transloading](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/transloading/)
- [BNSF Logistics Park Terminal, Joliet, Illinois](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/bnsf-logistics-park-joliet/)
- [Configuration of a Rail Intermodal Container Terminal](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/intermodal-rail-terminal-configuration/)
- [On Dock Intermodal Rail Facility, Port of Veracruz](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/on-dock-rail-veracruz/)
- [Roll On / Roll Off Rail Terminal, Port of Gothenburg](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/roro-rail-gothenburg/)
- [Antwerp Centraal Train Station](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/antwerp-cantraal-station/)
- [TGV Train at Gare de Lyon, Paris, France](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/gare-de-lyon-tgv/)
- [Centraal Train Station, Amsterdam](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/centraal-station-amsterdam/)
- [Quai d'Orsay Museum, Paris, France](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/quai-orsay-museum/)
- [Structuring Effects of Rail Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/rail-terminals/rail-structuring-effects/)
- [Port Regionalization](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/stages-port-regionalization/)
- [Stacked 40-Foot Empty Containers, Yantian, China](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/intermodal-transportation-containerization/stacked-containers-yantian/)
- [Container Straddler, Port of Gothenburg, Sweden](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/container-straddler-port-gothenburg/)
- [Rubber-Tired Overhead Gantry Crane (RTG), Halterm Terminal, Halifax](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/overhead-rubber-tired-gantry-crane/)
- [Dredging Ship at the Port of Zeebrugge, Belgium](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/dredging-ship-zeebrugge/)
- [Range of Activities Performed by Ports](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/port-terminals/port-activities-types/)
- [Air Cargo Traffic by Metropolitan Area, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/airport-terminals/air-cargo-metropolitan-area/)
- [Functions of Inland Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/inland-terminals-function/)
- [Functional Integration of Freight Distribution Clusters](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/freight-clusters-integration/)
- [Terminals as Clusters and Growth Poles](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/terminal-growth-pole/)
- [The “Boxed In” Hinterland](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/transport-terminals-hinterlands/boxed-in-hinterland/)
- [Main Characteristics of Freight Transport Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/freight-terminals-characteristics/)
- [Added Value Functions Performed Around Freight Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/added-value-freight-terminal/)
- [Container Yard, Port of Le Havre](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/container-yard-le-havre/)
- [Types of Intermodal Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/types-intermodal-terminals/)
- [Freight Terminal Hierarchy and Added Value](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter6/function-of-transport-terminals/terminal-added-value-hierarchy/)
- [Passenger Airlines Operating Costs, United States, 2019](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/airline-operating-costs/)
- [Changes in the Duration of Selected Scheduled Flights, 1996-2019](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/changes-flight-durations/)
- [Market Share of Main Airline Alliances, 2020](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/air-alliances/)
- [Average Fares Disbursed for JFK–LAX Route, 2009 (April to July)](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter3/transport-costs/average-fares-jfk-lax-route/)
- [Largest Airline Companies by Revenue, 2019](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/largest-airlines-revenue/)
- [Market Share of the top American Airlines, 1977-2022](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/airline-market-share-united-states/)
- [Boarding of a Ryanair Flight](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/ryanair-boarding/)
- [Annual Passenger Plane Load Factor, World and United States, 1950-2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/plane-load-factor/)
- [Passenger and Cargo Share of Operating Revenues, Selected Airlines, 2013](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/airlines-passenger-cargo-share/)
- [World's 10 Largest Passengers and Freight Airlines, 2018](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/largest-passengers-freight-airlines/)
- [Monthly Global Air Passenger Traffic, 2010](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/monthly-global-air-passenger-traffic/)
- [The World's Longest Nonstop Air Transport Routes, 2021](https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/longest-non-stop-air-routes/)

## Downloads

- [Chapter 7 Slides - Trade, Logistics and Freight Distribution](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-6-slides-transport-terminals/)
- [Chapter 6 Slides - Transport Terminals](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-5-ii-slides-transportation-modes/)
- [Chapter 5-II Slides - Transportation Modes](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-5-i-slides-transportation-modes/)
- [Chapter 5-I Slides - Transportation Modes](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-4-slides-transport-energy-and-environment/)
- [Chapter 1 Slides - Transportation and Geography](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-1-transportation-and-geography/)
- [The Geography of Transport Systems (3rd Edition)](https://transportgeography.org/download/geography-of-transport-systems-3rd-edition/)
- [Chapter 9 Slides - Transport Planning and Policy](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-8-slides-urban-transportation/)
- [Chapter 10 Slides - Challenges for Transport Geography](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-9-slides-urban-transportation/)
- [Chapter 8 Slides - Urban Transportation](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-7-slides-trade-logistics-and-freight-distribution/)
- [Chapter 4 Slides - Transport, Energy and Environment](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-3-slides-transport-economy-and-society/)
- [Chapter 2 Slides - Transportation and the Spatial Structure](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-2-transportation-and-the-spatial-structure/)
- [Chapter 3 Slides - Transport, Economy and Society](https://transportgeography.org/download/chapter-2-slides-transportation-and-the-spatial-structure/)

## Tags

- [Distance](https://transportgeography.org/tag/distance/)
- [Location](https://transportgeography.org/tag/location/)
- [Mobility](https://transportgeography.org/tag/mobility/)

## Categories

- [Slides](https://transportgeography.org/download-category/slides/)